Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Forfattere
Ingunn ØvsthusSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trond HenriksenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Fangvekstenes bladmasse beskytter jorda og kan redusere erosjon og tap av partikkelbundet fosfor, men i kaldt vinterklima kan fosfor i bladmassen gi opphav til tap av løst fosfat ved overflateavrenning. Resultater fra et fire-årig forsøk viste at tapene av løst fosfat var lavt og i liten grad påvirket av pløyetidspunkt og fangvekst i tre av forsøksårene. I et år med barfrost, derimot, var tapene av løst fosfat betydelig høyere fra vårpløyde ruter enn fra høstpløyde ruter, begge med vårkorn.
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten omhandler effekt av undersådde fangvekster i korn på fosfortap. Effekten av fangvekst er undersøkt ved både høst- og vårpløying i et 4-årig forsøk i forsøksanlegget på Hellerud (Skjetten) hvor overflateavrenning kan måles og prøvetas. Tapet av totalfosfor fulgte i stor grad jordtapet, mens tapet av løst fosfat var avhengig av vinterforholdene. I tre av forsøksårene var tapene av løst fosfat lavt og i liten grad påvirket av pløyetidspunkt og fangvekst. I det første året derimot, hvor det var barfrost, var tapene av løst fosfat betydelig høyere fra vårpløyde ruter enn fra høstpløyde ruter. Konsentrasjonen av løst fosfat hadde dette året nær sammenheng med mengden fosfor i plantematerialet på ruta.
Sammendrag
Self-sufficiency with feed (SSF) is a basic principle in organic animal production. The current regulations do not impose strict requirements for SSF at farm level, but further restrictions are expected in future. The aim of the present work was to quantify SSF on a range of organic dairy farms in Norway and study farmers’ strategies to produce milk with a high degree of SSF. Nine farms were selected for interview and data collection. On farm level, the proportion of SSF varied between 66 and 99 %. SSF increased to 88-100 % when expressed on national level. Land area is among the limiting factors for famers to reach higher SSF while maintaining the milk production level. A lower proportion of concentrates in the diet seems to have as strong impact on SSF as using own cereals and protein crops as feed, but milk production per total feed production area was highest for the latter. The farmers’ goals and actions are important driving forces to develop more SSF in dairy production systems.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Due to an EU directive making integrated pest management (IPM) mandatory, European farmers are expected to reduce their use of chemical pesticides, which may potentially increase production costs and risk of harvest loss. Less pesticide use is appreciated by many consumers and may generate a higher willingness to pay (WTP). However, IPM is a wide concept and it is difficult for consumers to distinguish between products with high and low risk of pesticide residues. As a result, consumers might use other characteristics, such as country of origin, for the identification of safer products. In this study, we investigate if a higher WTP for Norwegian strawberries is associated with a belief that they contain less pesticide residues than imported berries. We use regression analysis to estimate to what extent the difference in WTP for Norwegian and imported strawberries is correlated with various perceptions about strawberries. The analyses reveal that the stronger the belief that Norwegian strawberries have less pesticide risk than imported ones, the higher the WTP for Norwegian strawberries. This means that if consumers believe domestic farmers use little pesticides, domestic products might be able to sell at considerably higher prices than imports. Hence, it may be economically beneficial for farmers to keep pesticide use at a minimum. Furthermore, we find that consumers have a higher WTP for strawberries produced with less use of pesticides, although not pesticide-free, indicating that IPM is appreciated.
Forfattere
Katrin M. Lindroth Jan-Erik Lindberg Astrid Johansen Cecilia E. MüllerSammendrag
Simple Summary: Horses with free faecal liquid defecate in one solid and one liquid phase, and the liquid phase can be a concern for the horse owner and veterinarians. The causes of free faecal liquid are unknown, but previous studies have indicated that feed ration composition may play an important role in the occurrence of the condition. A study comparing feed rations, feeding practices and management factors for horses with and without free faecal liquid was performed. Horses without free faecal liquid were reported to have a lower daily intake of starch and sugar and a higher daily intake of protein and fibre compared to horses with free faecal liquid. Horses with and without free faecal liquid were fed similar amounts of wrapped forages and were subject to the same management practices. The reported differences may be of importance for the condition, but further studies are required to establish if its occurrence is due to specific feeding regimens. Abstract: Free faecal liquid (FFL) in horses is characterised by the excretion of faeces in two phases (one solid and one liquid), which may cause dermatitis on the hindlegs. The causes of FFL are not known. Results from previous studies have indicated that feed ration composition and management factors may play important roles in the occurrence of FFL. A case–control study was therefore performed in which data on feed rations, feeding practices and management factors were compared between horses with (case) and without (control) FFL on 50 private farms in Sweden and Norway. The comparisons show that case and control horses were reported to be fed similar average amounts of wrapped forage (p = 0.97) and to be subject to similar management practices, but case horses were fed higher proportions of concentrates in their diet (p < 0.001) and lower average amounts of straw and lucerne (p < 0.05) compared to control horses. Case horses were reported to be fed twice as much concentrate per 100 kg BW and day as control horses and a higher daily intake of starch and water-soluble carbohydrates (p < 0.05). Case horses also had a lower daily intake of digestible crude protein and neutral detergent fibre compared to control horses (p < 0.05). These differences were small but are of interest for further studies of factors causing FFL.
Forfattere
Eva Narten HøbergSammendrag
Fermentering eller gjæring er en type oksidasjon (ufullstendig forbrenning) som foregår ved hjelp av mikroorganismer som bakterier og sopp i samspill med enzymer. Fermentering skjer av seg selv i en rekke biologiske prosesser i naturen, men kan også settes i gang og styres og kontrolleres. Mennesket har lært seg å utnytte og legge til rette for fermentering for å foredle og konservere en rekke næringsmidler. Eksempler på fermenterte produkt er brød, ost, surmelk, sauerkraut, yoghurt, øl, vin, rakfisk, salami, soyasaus, sjokolade og kaffe. Vinterfôret til grasspisende dyr, som storfe og småfe, konserveres også ved fermentering. Produktet kalles surfôr eller silofôr, og pakkes og emballeres gjerne som rundballer.