Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2000
Forfattere
L Nesheim J BrønstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The effects of forest fragmentation on the abundance of red fox Vulpes vulpes and pine marten Martes martes were studied by combining snow-track data (1994-1997) with forest stands habitat information at landscape level. Thirteen study areas located in boreal conifer and boreal birch forest were selected for the investigation.The decreasing proportion of older forest and increasing proportion of young forest in the landscapes positively affected track density of red fox. With the habitat classification used, landscape composition explained 46% of the spatial variation in fox abundance. Earlier habitat-studies in Scandinavian conclude that pine marten is a habitat specialist, with an affinity for old spruce habitats.With this in mind we surprisingly didn`t find any effects on tracks density along the fragmentation gradient. We have no data to explain this results, but we hypothesis that there is a source-sink population dynamics at regional scale. Still some large landscapes with high proportion of remnant habitats could be a source for the population in highly fragmentated landscapes.The abundance of red fox and pine marten were not negatively correlated, indicating that competition and intraguild predation by red fox do not determine abundance of pine marten on a landscape scale.Anyway, a comparative study from Fulufjllet national park indicate that the impact of red fox on pine marten increase if landscapes were transformed from large-grained patches of remnant to fine-grained mosaics of clear cuts and old forest. We conclude that human-caused forest fragmentation increased the predation pressure of red fox on small game species, but that the evidence against the pine marten is weaker.
Forfattere
Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
H Aimola K.O. Larsen J PerminowSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
R. SkuterudSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
O.M. EkloSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Carl-Einar Amundsen Å. Almås B.R. SinghSammendrag
The main purpose of the risk assessment is to assess the future risk from cadmium in mineral P-fertilisers to human health, soils and waters using model calculations. The risk assessment of Cd in mineral fertilisers has been performed according to procedures suggested by ERM (2000). The procedure consists of three modules: 1) The accumulation module; 2) The exposure module; 3) The risk characterisation module. Two scenarios for Cd in mineral P-fertilisers were used: 2.3 mg Cd kg-1 P2O5-(present level of Cd ) and 60 mg Cd kg-1 P2O5 average EU-level). In the accumulation module the future (in 100 years) concentration of Cd in soils was calculated using a mass balance model. Application of P-fertiliser containing 60 mg Cd kg-1 P2O5 increases the soil concentration of Cd by 16 to nearly 100 percent depending on type of crop and region. In the exposure module, the uptake of Cd from the soil to wheat, potato and carrot is calculated as well as the relative contribution from fertilisers to the human uptake of Cd. The application of P-fertilisers containing 60 mg Cd kg-1 P2O5 in 100 years increase the daily intake of Cd by 76 percent i.e from 9.6 to 16.9 µg person-1 day-1. Applying mineral P-fertilisers for 100 years with the present average level of Cd (2.3 mg Cd kg-1 P2O5) increase the daily human intake by 4.3 percent. Future application (100 years) of mineral P-fertilisers containing the present level of Cd (2.3 mg Cd kg-1 P2O5) results in minor changes in soil Cd concentrations. For human health the margin of safety (MOS) using fertiliser with this level of Cd is in the range 4-7 depending on the No (Lowest) Observable Adverse Effect Level (N(L)OAEL). Taking into consideration the uncertainties in the N(L)OAEL it seems advisable to keep the future application of Cd to soils from mineral P-fertilisers at as low level as possible. Using mineral P-fertilisers containing 60 mg Cd kg-1 P2O5 (EU level), MOS decreases by approximately 40%. The level of no effect concentrations for organisms in Norwegian soils and waters are uncertain and the representativeness of the suggested PNEC values for Norwegian conditions questionable. The calculations performed indicate however that organisms in surface waters seem to be at higher risk from Cd in mineral P-fertilisers than soil living organisms
Forfattere
Carl Einar Amundsen Åsgeir Rossebø Almås Bal Ram SinghSammendrag
The main purpose of the risk assessment is to assess the future risk from cadmium in mineral P-fertilisers to human health, soils and waters using model calculations. The risk assessment of Cd in mineral fertilisers has been performed according to procedures suggested by ERM (2000). The procedure consists of three modules: 1) The accumulation module; 2) The exposure module; 3) The risk characterisation module. Two scenarios for Cd in mineral P-fertilisers were used: 2.3 mg Cd kg-1 P2O5-(present level of Cd ) and 60 mg Cd kg-1 P2O5 average EU-level).In the accumulation module the future (in 100 years) concentration of Cd in soils was calculated using a mass balance model. Application of P-fertiliser containing 60 mg Cd kg-1 P2O5 increases the soil concentration of Cd by 16 to nearly 100 percent depending on type of crop and region. In the exposure module, the uptake of Cd from the soil to wheat, potato and carrot is calculated as well as the relative contribution from fertilisers to the human uptake of Cd. The application of P-fertilisers containing 60 mg Cd kg-1 P2O5 in 100 years increase the daily intake of Cd by 7