Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2003
Forfattere
Christian Uhlig Alexander ZinkSammendrag
Mammalian herbivores generally influence soil properties of pastures significantly. However, rather little is known about impacts of Arctic Ungulates. The aim of this investigation was to identify possible changes in chemical soil properties due to different reindeer management systems on Finnmarksvidda: a) year-around used pastures in Finland, and b) winter pastures in Norway. Both managing systems are permanently separated by a fence, which was established during the 1950`ies. Iron podzol was the dominant soil type at both sides and fruticose lichen dominated dwarf shrub tundra was the typical vegetation type. However, lichen, plant and humus cover could vary greatly within the landscape. It was supposed that these differences were due to differences in grazing intensity. Based on a literature survey and field observations we therefore distinguished between the following four succession/ degradation stages I) thick (> 4 cm) lichen cover; II) grazed/ thin lichen cover (< 4 cm), but good plant cover; III) fruticose lichen cover almost absent, reduced plant cover and patches with exposed humus; IV) lichen, plant and humus cover almost absent, patches with bare mineral soil. According to this classification a 3 km2 large area along the boarder fence between Finland and Norway was mapped via a grid of sampling points. To compare soil chemical properties between the different succession/ degradation stages and different management systems, corresponding soil samples were taken from O, E and B-horizons at both side of the fence. Soil chemical parameters determined were pH, soil organic carbon (org.-C), Kjeldahl-N, C/N, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation, and total and plant available P, Ca, Mg, K. During the presentation first results are presented with emphasis on potential impacts of reindeers on tundra ecosystems in general, and differences in pasture management in particular.
Forfattere
Siri Grønnerød Siri Fjellheim Michael W. Hunmphreys Liv Ostrem Peter H. Canter Zanina Grieg Øyvind Jørgensen Arild Larsen Odd Arne RognliSammendrag
Introgresjonslinjer frå amfiploid Lolium perenne x Festuca pratensis cv. Prior er frysetesta og analysert v.hj.a. AFLP markørar og GISH for å knytta molekylære markørar til Festuca-segment overførde til Lolium. Overvintringsevne og frosttoleranse er kvantitative karakterar som er styrde av gen på ulike kromosom. AFLP markørar knytt til ulike kromosomdelar kan kombinerast for å selektera utvalde genotypar gjennom introgresjon. AFLP markørar som oftast vart funne i plantene med høgast frosttolerande og fråverande i planter med låg frosttoleranse, vart assosiert med overvintringsevne og med funn av introgresjonar frå Festuca. Desse markørane kan vera nyttige i markørassistert foredlingsprogram.
Forfattere
Christian Uhlig Olavi Junttila Marja-Liisa SutinenSammendrag
The purpose of the present study was to determine frost hardiness in different tissues of E. nigrum and V. myrtillus, and to test the impact of long-term heavy metal pollution on frost hardiness of these species. Above-ground shoots of both dwarf shrubs were collected in early winter along pollution gradients from Cu-Ni smelters in SW Finland and NW Russia, and stored under dark conditions at - 5 °C. Frost hardiness (LT50) was estimated in different plant tissues monthly over a 6-month period. The results showed no changes of frost hardiness in either E. nigrum or V. myrtillus during storage. In both species, different tissues exhibited different degrees of frost hardiness. Results from chemical analysis of plant material showed that levels of Cu in shoots of both species increased up to 10-fold towards the smelters. Frost hardiness in vascular tissue of Empetrum decreased by about 5 °C, and that of Vaccinium by about 2 °C, towards the smelter in SW Finland, while no changes could be observed at the more highly contaminated sites in NW Russia. The results suggest that long-term heavy metal pollution has no direct significant impact on frost hardiness in either E. nigrum or V. myrtillus.
Forfattere
Svein Eilertsen Lise Hatten Jørn HøbergSammendrag
Som en del av miljøplanen skal gårdbrukerne merke av områder med høyt biologisk mangfold på miljøplankartet. I denne artikkelen gis eksempler på hva høyt biologisk mangfold er, en oversikt over arealer og elementer som er spesielt viktige for biologisk mangfold og hvordan gårdbrukerne kan opprettholde dette.
Forfattere
Poul SøndergaardSammendrag
Forfatteren innførte i 1974 denne arten til Arboretet på Milde fra Mt. Kosciusko i Australia. Siden 1990 produseres og selges det årlig ca 10.000 planter av denne art på Vestlandet (hovedforhandler Vestplant). Svarer til en årsomsetning i detaljleddet på kanskje kr 400.000.
Forfattere
Ragnar EltunSammendrag
Økologiske dyrkingssystem for høgare og meir stabile kornavlingar" er eit 5-årleg strategisk instituttprogram frå Noregs forskingsråd. Programmet er leia av Planteforsk i samarbeid med NLH, NORSØK og Høgskolen i Hedmark. I tillegg deltek forskarar frå Danmark, Finland og Nederland. Kunnskap om moglegheiter for betre avlingsnivå og avlingsstabilitet i økologisk korndyrking utan å redusere på krava til langsiktig bærekraft, i område med begrensa tilgang på organiske gjødselemne, er svært viktig for den framtidige strukturen i økologisk landbruk her i landet. I dette programmet søker ein å løyse denne utfordringa gjennom ei omfattande agroøkologisk analyse i kombinasjon med faktorielle studiar av dei viktigaste flaskehalsane i økologisk korndyrking: dårleg jordstruktur, manglande nitrogenforsyning og fleirårige ugras.
Forfattere
Samson ØpstadSammendrag
I Bergens Museums Aarbok 1922-23 er det ei grundig utgreiing av Olaf Ingebrigtsen om "Hjortens utbredelse i Norge". Utbreiingsområdet til hjorten på Vestlandet har auka sterkt etter andre verdskrigen. Fellingsstatistikken gjev peikepinn på utviklinga. Frå fyrst på 90-talet var det sterk auke i hjortestamma og tal felte dyr. Stor hjortestamme medfører stort skadepress på innmarksareal og skog, som gjer at ein står overfor utfordringar i forvaltinga av hjort.
Sammendrag
Two trials have been established to study within-field variation in responses to N fertilizer. Preliminary results showed a close relation between soil organic matter and the amount of mineralised N in soil in spring. Both trials displayed considerable variation in responses to N fertilizer, even thought the yields increased up to the highest N level used. On the basis of responses in individual replicates, it was estimated that varying fertilizer levels across the field would have been positive in one of the trials. The studies will be continued to find out whether the pattern of variation remains the same, and to study the role of various soil factors.
Forfattere
M. AA. Halse T. Garmo Samson ØpstadSammendrag
Innhaldet av berekna nettoenergi i lauv (tørka blad) av alm og rogn tilsvarar energiverdien i godt høy og surfôr av middels kvalitet (0,85 FEm pr kg. tørrstoff). Nettoenergiverdien i lauvfôr (lauv og opphakka greiner) låg betydeleg lågare (0,40-0,45 FEm pr kg. tørrstoff), men lauvfôr av alm kom i ei mellomstiling (0,60 FEm pr kg tørstoff). Proteinverdien i lauv og lauvfôr varierer mykje, alt etter lauvslag og innslag av treflis i lauvfôret. Lauv, og delvis lauvfôr, har eit relativt høgt innhald av kalsium, magnesium, sink og kobolt, og kan vera gode kjelder for desse minerala.
Sammendrag
.Precision agriculture (PA) may be defined as using the best available technologies to tailor soil and crop management to fit the specific conditions found within an agricultural field or tract (Johannsen, 2001). Knowledge about soil variation within fields is thus a prerequisite for optimum PA. The use of sensors which measure electrical conductivity (EC) has been introduced as a promising way of mapping within-field variation in soil properties. In this paper we present relationships found between EC and both clay content and ignition loss (SOM) of some morainic loam soils in SE Norway. Measurements of EC at Møystad (60°47"N, 11°10"E, altitude ca.150 m) correlated well with clay content. Despite the rather narrow range of clay content at Møystad (11-17%), EC measurements accounted for about 70% of the variation. The use of EM38 in the horizontal position gave the best prediction in the upper two layers, whereas measurements in the vertical position fitted best to data from the deepest layer (40-60 cm). This is reasonable, since the instrument has its deepest range in the vertical position. Ignition loss in the upper layer was 5-8% at Møystad. There was no significant relation between EC and ignition loss in the upper layer, when EC was measured with EM38 in the vertical position. When EC was measured horizontally, about 24% of the variation in ignition loss was reflected by the EC of the soil. One should, however, take into account that ignition loss and clay content were positively correlated with each other (r=0.382), so that the result may in fact have been due to variation in clay content. We also measured EC at Kise Research Station (60°46"N, 10°48"E, altitude ca.130 m), where we selected five points across a field with a particularly large gradient in ignition loss. Here EC correlated positively with clay content, but this was not statistically significant (R2=0.576, p=0.137). With ignition loss, however, EC showed a strong positive correlation (R2=0.878, p=0.019). Inclusion of both clay content and ignition loss in a two-predictor regression model, with EC as the dependent variable, showed that the conductivity measurements depended almost completely on clay content and ignition loss for the selected points at Kise (R2=0.981, p=0.019). However, the predictors were positively intercorrelated here as well (r=0.517), which may make the statistical approach questionable. We also admit that the number of data points was very low. Nevertheless, the results clearly illustrate the potential of EC measurements for mapping soil variation.