Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Forfattere
Laura D. Ngau Sim S. Fong Kho L. Khoon Elisa Rumpang Harri Vasander Jyrki Jauhiainen Kim Yrjälä Hanna Marika SilvennoinenSammendrag
Water table conditions in drained peatlands affect peat decomposition, fluvial carbon and greenhouse gas emissions, and plant growth in oil palm plantations. This study illustrates the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture profiles in cultivated tropical peat under oil palm plantation and uncultivated secondary forest, using maps. At a study plot under each land use the geographical coordinates of sampling points, tree locations and other features were recorded. Peat soil samples were taken at depths of 0–50 cm, 50–100 cm, 100–150 cm and 150–200 cm, and their moisture contents were determined. Overall, soil moisture content was higher in secondary forest than in oil palm plantation due to land management activities such as drainage and peat compaction in the latter. Significant differences were observed between the topsoil (0–50 cm) and deeper soil layers under both land uses. Soil moisture maps of the study plots interpolated using geographical information system (GIS) software were used to visualise the spatial distributions of moisture content in soil layers at different depths (0–50 cm, 50–100 cm, 100–150 cm, 150–200 cm). Moisture content in the 0–50 cm soil layer appeared to be inversely related to elevation, but the correlation was not statistically significant. On the other hand, there was a significant positive correlation between soil moisture content and the diameters of oil palm trunks. Palm trees with negative growth of trunk diameter were mostly located in subplots which were relatively dry and/or located near drains. The results of this study indicate that soil moisture mapping using GIS could be a useful tool in improving the management of peatland to promote oil palm growth.
Forfattere
Saheba Bhatnagar Stefano Puliti Bruce Talbot Joachim Bernd Heppelmann Johannes Breidenbach Rasmus AstrupSammendrag
Wheel ruts, i.e. soil deformations caused by harvesting machines, are considered a negative environmental impact of forest operations and should be avoided or ameliorated. However, the mapping of wheel ruts that would be required to monitor harvesting operations and to plan amelioration measures is a tedious and time-consuming task. Here, we examined whether a combination of drone imagery and algorithms from the field of artificial intelligence can automate the mapping of wheel ruts. We used a deep-learning image-segmentation method (ResNet50 + UNet architecture) that was trained on drone imagery acquired shortly after harvests in Norway, where more than 160 km of wheel ruts were manually digitized. The cross-validation of the model based on 20 harvested sites resulted in F1 scores of 0.69–0.84 with an average of 0.77, and in total, 79 per cent of wheel ruts were correctly detected. The highest accuracy was obtained for severe wheel ruts (average user’s accuracy (UA) = 76 per cent), and the lowest accuracy was obtained for light wheel ruts (average UA = 67 per cent). Considering the nowadays ubiquitous availability of drones, the approach presented in our study has the potential to greatly increase the ability to effectively map and monitor the environmental impact of final felling operations with respect to wheel ruts. The automated mapping of wheel ruts may serve as an important input to soil impact analyses and thereby support measures to restore soil damages.
Forfattere
Camilla Risvoll Diego Galafassi Siri Veland Mats Pavall Tom Lifjell Aase-Kristine Aasen Lundberg Svein EilertsenSammendrag
The categories and concepts in the existing official land-use maps have been under improvements over recent years; however, this study from Nordland, northern Norway, shows that they continue to pose several dilemmas when aiming to better capture the impacts of multiple land uses on reindeer herding. While these developments have done much to better communicate the presence of reindeer herding to developers and planners, there remain significant challenges to achieve best practices. In particular, the confluence of multiple landscape features, for instance, roads, farmland, ecoregions, tenure, pastures, tourism paths and cabins, may have interactions that create cumulative impacts that do not “add up” neatly across map layers. Migration routes, herding routes, and resting areas have been introduced in these maps. In collaboration with reindeer herders, this article analyses how to enrich mapping practices by for example including bottlenecks, parallel to increased attention to influence zones and avoidance zones, as important emergent impacts of multiple interacting features of the landscape. Our research reveals how local knowledge developed by herders through their “presence in the landscape” is better capable of accounting for interactions and cumulative dimensions of landscape features. Through our participatory mapping approach with Sámi reindeer herders, we focus on ways of combining reindeer herders’ knowledge and GIS maps and demonstrate the potential in collaborative work between herders and policymakers in generating a richer understanding of land-use change. We conclude that the practical knowledge of people inhabiting and living with the landscape and its changing character generates a rich understanding of cumulative impacts and can be harnessed for improved land-use mapping and multi-level governance.
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Forfattere
Anna Birgitte MilfordSammendrag
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Pia Heltoft ThomsenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Eldrid Lein MoltebergSammendrag
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Forfattere
Arne BardalenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Det er 69 fjellkommunar i Noreg og 29 tilliggjande fjellkommunar. Som fjellområde reknast areal som ligg over 700 m o.h. i Sør-Noreg og over 600 m o.h. i Trøndelag. Utmark dekker ein stor del av landarealet i Noreg, og mykje areal i fjellområda er utmark. Utmarka har mange ressursar og brukarar. Den viktigaste produksjonen i utmarka i fjellet er husdyrbeite, med lang tradisjon for mangesidig bruk i stort omfang, mellom anna knytt til seterdrift. I tillegg kjem haustingsbruk i form av jakt, fiske og sanking som og har ei lang historie. Lang tids bruk har skapt særeigne landskap, med kulturhistoriske, estetiske og biologiske kvalitetar. Ei form for bruk som dreg veksel på desse kvalitetane er reiselivet. Reiselivet i Noreg har etter kvart og ei lang historie, frå engelsk adel kom for å fiske i norske vassdrag på 1800-talet til dagens bubilturistar frå mange land. I tillegg til desse langvegsfarande som oppheld seg i landskapet i kort tid, kjem hyttefolket. Hyttebygginga har med tida lagt beslag på store areal, og nokre plassar diskuterast det om det er på tide å stanse denne utviklinga. Sjølv om hyttebygging og hyttefolk kan bidra med ressursar og aktivitet lokalt, kan det og bli ei belastning, mellom anna på naturen. Å tenke om ein berekraftig utnytting av ressursane i fjella reiser soleis ei rekke spørsmål. I denne rapporten har me samla eksisterande kunnskap, basert på forsking og anna formidling, om ulike utfordringar og moglegheiter. Målet har vært å leggje eit grunnlag for tankar om utforming av ein politikk som skal fremme ei utvikling av ressursbruken som tek omsyn til berekraft i økonomisk, sosial og miljømessig forstand.