Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Forfattere
Tor Lunnan Anne Kjersti BakkenSammendrag
I forsøk i Valdres, Stjørdal og på Ås har ein sett på korleis forholdet mellom N og S i grovfôret blir påverka av om tilført mineralgjødsel inneheld S eller ikkje. I Valdres var det liten verknad av gjødseltype på avlingsmengde og -kvalitet. Dei to andre plassane vart avlingane større og forholdet mellom N og S betre i høve til normene for drøvtyggarfôr dersom S vart tilført. I ein annan serie såg ein på korleis forholdet mellom N og S varierte mellom førsteslåttar tatt til ulike utviklingstrinn. Der det var lite kløver i avlinga, gjekk N/S-forholdet ned med stigande utviklingstrinn sjølv om det vart gjødsla med svovelhaldig Fullgjødsel. Raudkløveren såg ut til å ha for lite S i høve til N om ein held seg til amerikanske og britiske normer for fôring.
Forfattere
Inger MartinussenSammendrag
Foredraget ga en oversikt over arbeidet med foredling og kultivering av molte i Norge. Nåværende prosjekt på blåbær, molte og bringebær ble også presentert.
Sammendrag
Plant polyphenolics continue to be the focus of attention with regard to their putative impact on human health. An increasing and ageing human population means that the focus on nutrition and nutritional enhancement or optimization of our foodstuffs is paramount. Using raspberry as a model we have shown how modern metabolic profiling approaches can be used to identify the changes in the level of beneficial polyphenolics in fruit breeding segregating populations and how the level of these components are determined by genetic and/or environmental control. Interestingly the Vitamin C content appeared to be significantly influenced by environment (growth conditions) whilst the content of the polyphenols such as cyanidin, pelargonidin and quercetin glycosides appeared to much more tightly regulated suggesting a rigorous genetic control. Preliminary metabolic profiling showed that the fruit polyphenolic profiles divided into two gross groups segregating on the basis of relative levels of cyaniding-3-sophoroside and cyaniding-3-rutinoside, compounds implicated as conferring human health benefits.
Sammendrag
Supporting for the beneficial health effects of fruit is accruing apace. A subdivision of fruit, the berries, are increasingly becoming the focus of studies regarding their proposed ability to prevent or ameliorate the problems of degenerative diseases(McDougall et al, 2005; McDougall and Stewart, 2005) With respect to berries there has, over the last decade, been a groundswell of reports attributing beneficial biological activity to the fruit phenolics. The predominant approach in these studies is that of well defined in vitro systems employing mammalian cell models systems, such as Hela, Caco2 , HT29, Hep G2, etc to study absorption, anticancer, metabolism effects etc (Coates et al 2007; Ross et al, 2007). However, the direct translation of the benefits reported in these in vitro studies to in vivo results have lagged behind and are only now gathering pace. For example there are several intervention studies published highlighting or attributing their beneficial effects (albeit sometimes marginal) with regard to markers of colon and oesophageal cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc to the polyphenolic components in fruit. In addition, there are several major intervention trials either ongoing or planned and their focus is on fruit such as strawberry (cholesterol lowering), pomegranate (prostate cancer), blueberry (inflammation) and blackcurrant (CVD). This positive evidence with respect to the efficacy of fruit in the diet as a potential strategy to prevent, or at least retard, chronic and/or degenerative disease is leading to enhanced nutritive value now becoming a major target for plant breeders. However the lack of clarity as to the actual target means that breeding is not straight forward. Due to the chemical diversity of fruit, and specifically in berries, newer screening approaches have been adopted; metabolomics - LC-MSn, GC-ToF-MSn NMR etc. (Stewart et al 2007). We will discus how these approaches are being used in fruit breeding to study the inheritance of multiple silent phenotypes (chemotypes) in concert with map-based genetic approaches with a view to nutritional enhancement.
Forfattere
Annbjørg Øverli KristoffersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
In the north-western European countries Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland, variability in the forms, amounts and timing of phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural land is related to national differences in climate, soil, hydrological conditions and agricultural production. The dissolved form of P constitutes 9"93% of the total phosphorus (TP) in water, subsurface drainage can contribute 12"60% and surface erosion 40"88% of TP transfer. TP export in small agricultural streams is generally in the range 0.3"6 kg ha)1 year)1, with the highest losses in Norway and UK. All four countries are complying with the EU Water Framework Directive and developing a range of measures based on P source with transport controls over P losses. A decreasing trend in TP losses has been detected in agricultural streams following the introduction of measures to reduce erosion in Norway. Average P concentrations in Swedish streams have shown a reduction of nearly 2% per year since 1993 as a result of measures introduced in southern Sweden. However, in two large rivers in agricultural regions of Sweden, the concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and TP were shown to increase by 0.4% and 0.7% per year, respectively, over the period 1975"2004, possibly as a result of climate change. It is too early to detect trends in agricultural contributions to P in surface waters as a result of catchment-sensitive farming (CSF) in the UK and Ireland.
Forfattere
Ketil Haarstad Gro Hege LudvigsenSammendrag
Pesticides in Norwegian ground water have been monitored since 1995. Here we report data including 2004. The monitoring has focused on shallow groundwater near agricultural fields (4 locations), farm wells (22 locations) and on public water works (38 locations), 450 samples were analyzed for a total of 62 pesticide compounds and metabolites, and the result was 514 detections of single compounds. Altogether 27 pesticides and metabolites were detected; 2 insecticides, 9 fungicides and 16 herbicides. Herbicides were most frequently detected (in 79% of the samples), followed by fungicides (20%) and insecticides (1%). Pesticide concentration was generally low, although high concentrations also occurred, for example 33 "g/l of metribuzine in shallow ground water near agricultural fields, and 20 "g/l of bentazon in a farm well. Some water soluble pesticides occurred both frequently and with relatively high concentrations in shallow ground water near agricultural fields. The results show that local ground water near farms is vulnerable for contamination of pesticides and needs further monitoring. Efforts should be made to minimize contamination of wells in farming areas through education on pesticide use, monitoring and well positioning. Few pesticides were detected in ground water from water works and the concentrations were low. Monitoring of water works ended in 2002. The data show that there is a continuous need to monitor pesticides as well as selected metabolites in shallow ground water and wells near agricultural fields in Norway.
Forfattere
Eivind Vangdal Sigrid Flatland Ragnhild NordbøSammendrag
Målingar av avling, fruktvekt og smakskvalitet i norske sortsprøvingsfelt viste at "Souffriau", "Avalon", "Reeves", "Excalibur" og "Jubileum" kunne verta verdifulle sortar i norsk plommedyrking. Sidan norske plommer primært vert omsette i friskfruktmarknaden, er brukstida for plommene viktig. I korttidslagringsforsøk vart dei nye sortane samanlikna med standardsorten "Victoria". Ein fann ikkje signifikante endringar i innhaldet av oppløyst turrstoff i lagringsperioden, medan syreinnhaldet gjekk ned. Fylgjeleg auka oppløyst turrstoff:titrerbar syre høvet. Men desse endringane gjorde ikkje frukta uakseptabel for forbrukarane. Den viktigaste kvalitetsendringa som avgrensa brukstida i sortane som var med i forsøket, var mjukninga. Med grunnlag i dei målte kvalitetsendringane og kor utsette sortane var for rotning, hadde "Reeves" lengst brukstid. "Avalon", "Jubileum" og "Victoria" hadde middels lang brukstid, medan "Excalibur" og "Souffriau" hadde den kortaste brukstida.
Forfattere
Eivind Vangdal Jan MelandSammendrag
Betre kalsiumforsyning, moderat nitrogen- og kaliumgjødsling og redusert magnesiumgjødsling kan gjera risikoen for fruktkjøtsamanfall mindre. Uheldig bruk av enkelte ugrasmiddel, altfor sterk tynning og sein hausting aukar problema. Ein finn oftast meir fruktkjøtsamanfall i år med kjølig ver på føresommaren, varmt ver fram mot haustinga og lita avling.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag