Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Forfattere
Hans OvergaardSammendrag
Global change certainly affects the epidemiology of vector borne diseases (VBD). A changing climate may cause shifts in the intensity and endemicity of VBD"s. Both direct effects (e.g. changes in temperature and rainfall) and indirect effects (e.g. changing local environmental conditions) of climate change influence disease vectors and the disease-causing organisms they carry. Substantial research efforts are required to predict the effects of future climate scenarios on changes in magnitude and spatial distribution of VBD"s. Similarly, more research is needed to explore innovative locally-adapted solutions to control vectors and VBD"s. Two promising tools are presented, that can be implemented under local conditions and be adapted to changing environmental and climatic conditions. Integrated Pest and Vector Management (IPVM) is a strategy to simultaneously control both agricultural pests and disease vectors. The strategy is a combination of Integrated Vector Management (IVM) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM). IVM seeks to improve vector control by implementing synergistic combinations of interventions based on knowledge of local vector biology and disease transmission. IPM is the corresponding strategy in agricultural pest control and aims to reduce pesticide use for the benefit of human and environmental health. Both IVM and IPM preserve beneficial organisms and lessens selection pressure for insecticide resistance. These strategies can be implemented through Farmer Field Schools (FFS) " a participatory non-formal education approach teaching farmers how to reduce pesticide use through field observation and experimentation. These approaches ensure community empowerment for the benefit of health promotion, rural development, and preparedness for adverse global change effects.
Sammendrag
Good soil structure is recognised to be of key importance in organic farming, and soil compaction poses a major threat with respect to this. The relative importance of tractor weight (2-4 vs. 5-7 Mg), ploughing depth (ca. 15 vs. 25 cm) and wheel placement during ploughing (in-furrow vs. on-land) have been studied for four years on two soil types (well-drained loam and imperfectly drained silty clay loam) in southern and central Norway. On the site with imperfectly drained silty clay loam supposed to be most suceptible to soil compaction, the soil aeration and penetration resistance, but not the yield of barley, was affected by the treatments imposed. On the site with the well-drained loam, shallow ploughing with the heavier tractor and wheel in-furrow caused lower yields of wheat, but not of barley than did the other treatment combinations. This may partly be related to reduced air permeability and volume of air filled pores at 18-22 cm and partly to a higher incidence of perennial weeds after shallow than after deep ploughing.
Sammendrag
In Norway, Nordmann (Abies nordmanniana) and subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa) are the dominant Christmas tree species and Noble fir (A. procera) the dominant species for bough production. In the spring of 2005 a survey was undertaken to determine the presence of fungi on seeds of these three plant species. Twelve seed samples were tested; five from Nordmann fir, four from subalpine fir and three from Noble fir. The test included seeds produced in Austria (Nordmann fir), Canada (subalpine fir), Georgia (Nordmann fir), Norway (Noble and subalpine fir) and Russia (Nordmann fir). The testing was done in a certified seed laboratory in Norway. One hundred seeds per sample were pre-treated in 1 % NaOCl and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and 100 seeds per sample were pre-treated in H2O2 and plated on water agar (WA). The PDA Petri dishes were incubated for 5 to 7 days at 20 + 2 ºC and the WA Petri dishes for 15 to 19 days at 15 + 2 ºC, both under alternating 12 h NUV-light and 12 h darkness. To date not all of the fungi have been identified, but fungi from several genera have been found: Alternaria, Anthostomella, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Botrytis, Caloscypha, Cephalosporium, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Dictyopolyschema, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Phoma, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, and Trichothecium. Caloscypha was only found on one subalpine fir seedlot from Canada and Anthostomella on one subalpine fir seed from Norway. All the other fungi were more commonly found in all the samples. Fusarium species are well known to cause damping off in nurseries, but are not reported to cause problems in production fields. Species of Alternaria, Phoma, Botrytis and Trichothecium can damage seedlings. Anthostomella conorum is reported on cone scales of pine (Pinus spp.), but is not described as pathogenic. Aureobasidium is described as a saprophytic or weakly parasitic cosmopolitan fungal genus. Aureobasidium sp. is commonly found in Norway on buds of subalpine fir which fail to open in spring, and it will therefore be included in a pathogenicity test.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kjetil Bevanger Eli Fremstad Trond Hofsvang Anders Jelmert Reidar Mehl Odd Terje Sandlund Leif Sundheim Karl H. ThunesSammendrag
Artene er vurdert til å utgjøre enten høy, ukjent eller lav risiko for stedegent biologisk mangfold. 217 fremmede arter er risikovurdert, bl.a. skadedyr og sykdommer på kulturplanter i jord- og hagebruk.
Forfattere
Trond HofsvangSammendrag
Artikkelen inneholder minneord om Gudmund Taksdal og hans innsats innen anvendt entomologi, både innenfor norsk jord- og hagebruk og internasjonalt. En oversikt over Taksdals entomologiske publikasjoner fra 1957 til 2003 er også gitt.
Sammendrag
I mai 2006 vart soppen Phoma hedericola (syn. Phyllosticta destructiva var. hederae) funnen på skadde eføyblad frå ei vegskjering ved ein ferjekai i Ryfylke. Soppen er velkjent elles i Europa der han også går på Hedera himalaica. I juni 2006 vart P. hedericola også funnen i ein planteskule i Rogaland, på importerte planter frå Nederland. På planteskuleplantene vart det i tillegg funne Colletotrichum trichellum, ein annan kjent skadegjerar på eføy i utlandet. I september same året vart det funne mykje C. trichellum på eføy i grøntanlegg i Bergen, men ikkje P. hedericola. Ingen av soppane har norsk namn. På engelsk vert "Ivy Leaf Spot" brukt om bladflekkar på eføy enten dei skuldast sopp (inkludert dei to artane vi har funne) eller bakteriar.
Sammendrag
Oil transportation from the Russian part of the Barents Region along the Norwegian coast had insignificant volumes before 2002. However, in 2002 there was a dramatic increase in oil shipment, when 4 million tons of oil was transported across the northern regions. In 2003, the volume reached 8 million tons. The trend continued in 2004, and about 12 million tons of export oil and oil products were delivered from the Russian part of the Barents Region to the western market along the Norwegian coast. In 2005, the oil shipment volumes dropped to 9.5 million tons, and in 2006 increased to 10.5 million tons. In the present report on oil transportation from the Russian North, we have given special attention to the description of the existing and prospective offshore and onshore oil shipment terminals, and their connection to the oil reserves on one hand and to the export routes on the other. In this report we demonstrate that even without a trunk oil pipeline to the Barents Sea coast, the annual oil exports from the Russian part of the Barents Region may reach a volume of about 50-80 million tons in the next decade. About 50 million tons of crude oil and oil products can be delivered by railway to the Murmansk ports in the Barents Sea, and Kandalaksha and Arkhangelsk in the White Sea. In addition, up to 20 million tons of oil will come from the northern oil fields in the Nenets Autonomous Region, and from Prirazlomnoye oil field in the Pechora Sea. Prirazlomnoye is the first offshore industrial oil field in the Russian part of the Barents Region, the operations there will go on all year round, and most of the year in ice-covered waters. Dolginskoye oil field, which is also in the Pechora Sea and estimated to be three times as big as Prirazlomnoye, can produce the first oil in 2013. There will be stable increase in the amounts of oil shipped from Western Siberia. The terminals in the Kara Sea can load 2-3 million tons of crude oil for transhipment in the Kola Bay of the Barents Sea. In the European part of Russia there are three possibilities for shipping oil for export. The first way is through the Black Sea via the Bosporus to the Mediterranean Sea. Another route is through the Baltic Sea via the Gulf of Finland and Kattegat. The third alternative is to transport oil through the Barents Sea along the coasts of north-western Russia and northern Norway. Out of these three options only the northern one, the Barents Sea route, can provide the possibility of stable shipping large amounts directly to European and other major harbours, avoiding the challenges of transit through the neighbouring countries or heavy traffic in the sea straits. Oil pollution prevention should be the central issue during oil transportation in the Barents Sea. In this report we pay attention to the environmental safety matters in oil transportation and Norwegian-Russian co-operation in the oil pollution prevention. The increasing internationalisation of the transport system in the region appears to affect the present trend toward more advanced and safer terminals and vessels that comply with international safety rules. Early warning and notification of ships passing through the Norwegian waters has been used more frequently and on voluntary basis, but still not as often as desired and can be arranged within a bilateral Russian-Norwegian agreement. The establishment of traffic control centres in Vardø and Murmansk will considerably improve the oil spill prevention and response preparedness.
Forfattere
Unni AbrahamsenSammendrag
Foredraget ga en oversikt over behov for olje- og belgvekster til kraftfor, over ulike sider ved dyrking og økonomien i produksjonene