Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Helge SjursenSammendrag
Mjødurt tilhører den biologiske gruppen flerårig vandrende med jordstengler. Den voksne planten er 50-100 cm høy. Den underjordiske delen av planten består av en gruntliggende, sterkt greinet og opptil fingertykk jordstengel som er tett besatt med dyptgående birøtter. Stengelen er opprett, kantet og greinet. Bladene er finnet med avvekslende større og mindre småblad. Småbladene er eggformet og kvasst dobbeltannet. Endesmåbladet er tre- til fem-fliket. Oversiden er mørkegrønn og snau, undersiden oftest hvitfiltet, men ikke sjelden grønn og håret eller snau. De gulhvite blomstene, med sterk lukt, er mange i sterkt greinet, kvastliknende topp med hårete greiner. Forekommer i fuktig slåtteeng og beitemark, sump, sumpskog og vannkanter, litt næringskrevende. Opptrer som ugras i eng og beite. Kan motarbeides med grøfting og pussing av beite, og kjemisk med MCPA.
Sammendrag
Vi har i årevis hatt angrep av mjøldogg på spisslønn og platanlønn i Noreg, men i 2006 påviste vi også angrep på naverlønn og sibirlønn på Ås. Særleg var sibirlønn hardt angrepen. Vi har ikkje påvist mjøldogg på naverlønn og sibirlønn tidlegare her i landet.
Forfattere
Emmanuel Lapied Claire Coutris Elara Moudilou Jean-Marie Exbrayat Deborah H. Oughton Erik JonerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
E Lapied Deborah H. Oughton Erik JonerSammendrag
In terrestrial ecotoxicology there is a serious lack of data for potential hazards posed by engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). This is partly due to complex interactions between ENPs and the soil matrix, but also to the lack of suitable toxicological endpoints in organisms that are exposed to ENPs in a relevant manner. Earthworms are recognized as key organisms in terrestrial ecosystems, but so far only physiological endpoints of low sensitivity have been used in ecotoxicity studies with ENPs. We exposed the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris to different concentrations (1-100 ppm) silver nanoparticles of two contrasting sizes under three different conditions; in water, in food and in soil. After exposure, we measured the impact on apoptosis in different tissues using two staining techniques to determine apoptosis; TUNEL and Apostain. A dose-dependent response was detected with respect to apoptotic activity in a range of tissues both at acute and sub-lethal concentrations (down to 4 mg kg soil-1). Comparing exposure in water and soil showed that reduced bioavailability in soil is reflected in the apoptotic response. Apoptosis thus seems to be a sensitive endpoint for detection of adverse effects of silver nanoparticles, and potentially a powerful tool for quantifying environmental hazards posed by ENPs.
Sammendrag
The model FROSTOL simulates course of frost tolerance in winter wheat on a daily basis from sowing on as affected by soil temperature (2 cm), snow cover, phenological development, and a genotypic maximum level of frost tolerance (LT 50). A series of cultivar trials in Finland was used to evaluate the model's ability to estimate plant survival in natural field environments during winters with differing weather conditions. Recorded survival was compared with number of intersections between the curves of simulated LT50 and the soil temperature curve for each field. A cumulative stress level (CSL) was calculated based both on number of intersections and FROSTOL simulated stress levels. The correlation between CSL and field recordings was quite low. While the field trials characterize a general ability to stand various types of winter stress, FROSTOL estimates damage caused by the soil temperature regime only. However, FROSTOL simulations seemed to correspond reasonably well to field observations when low temperature was the eventual cause of damage.
Sammendrag
The Skuterud catchment is a small artificially drained agricultural catchment, located in south eastern Norway. The total area of the catchment is 4.5 km2 of which agriculture covers 2.7 km2, forest 1.3 km2 while the rest is occupied by urban area. The main agricultural crops are wheat, barley and oat. The climate is cold temperate continental or subarctic with a winter season, lasting from November -March and characterized by periods with below-zero temperatures and a varying degree of snow cover, interchanged with thaw periods combined with precipitation and runoff. In Norway, melt water, causing surface runoff, is one of the most serious reasons for erosion, in addition to near-saturated soil moisture conditions after longer periods with rainfall during the autumn. Climate change can potentially lead to an increase in the number of freeze/thaw cycles which in addition to the predicted increase in precipitation during the period after the growing season from September - April, might lead to an increase in both the amount of runoff and its intensity, with subsequent adverse effects on erosion and nutrient loss. Models are indispensable tools in the prediction of climate change effects on runoff generation. In this respect, the Drainmod model has been tested on the Skuterud catchment concerning its ability to predict runoff from an artificially drained agricultural catchment under prevailing winter conditions. The results are presented in this paper. If proven successful, the model can be used to predict the long term hydrologic impacts of climate change for the Norwegian conditions
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Erling MeisingsetSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Kari BergjordSammendrag
Høsthveteplantenes evne til å tåle lav temperatur varierer gjennom høst og vinter. Med utgangspunkt i en kanadisk modell, ble modellen FROSTOL utviklet for å simulere daglig utvikling av frosttoleranse fra såing om høsten, og gjennom vinteren. Modellen kan brukes til å estimere faren for overvintringsskader forårsaket av lav temperatur ved å sammenholde simulert utvikling av frosttoleranse med registrert temperatur i det øverste jordlaget (0-5 cm). Ved å bruke klimascenarier i stedet for registrert temperatur, vil en også kunne bruke modellen til å si noe om risiko for denne type vinterskader i et fremtidig klima. En evaluering av FROSTOL basert på registrert overvintring i finske sortsforsøk fra 1989/90-1991/92, indikerte at modellen fungerte relativt bra under forhold der lav temperatur var den avgjørende årsaken til skade.