Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Belchior Oliveira Trigueiro da Silva Ademir De Oliveira Ferreira Rattan Lal Thiago Inagaki Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado João Carlos De Moraes Sá Edivan Rodrigues de Souza Aline Roma Tomaz William Ramos da Silva Felipe José Cury FracettoSammendrag
Frequent and intensive tillage in conventional agriculture disrupts soil aggregates, engendering significant depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Long-term studies are essential for assessing the impact of sustainable practices on aggregate dynamics and carbon sequestration in sugarcane monocropping in tropical ecosystems. The following hypothesis was first, conventional sugarcane management would degrade soil, thereby reducing C stocks and breaking down aggregates. Second, conservation management that involves reduced disturbance could restore C storage, reaching levels similar to those observed in native vegetation (NV) over time. Third, macroaggregation could be a key mechanism for C storage under conservation management. This study evaluated the distribution of SOC among distinct aggregate classes under conventional (CC) and minimum (MC) cultivation in a 60-year-old sugarcane system, comparing results with undisturbed NV. The monitored properties included aggregate mass, SOC content and stock, weighted average diameter (WAD), aggregate and C stability indexes (ASI and CSI), soil C–CO2 emissions, and C preservation capacity (CPC). The long-term CC had a significant impact on aggregate dynamics, manifesting in a reduction in macroaggregate mass and SOC content, an increase in CO2 emissions, and a decrease in CPC. While the total SOC stock remained comparable in NV and MC (76 Mg C ha−1), CC led to a 20% SOC loss. Although CC led to an increase in microaggregate C, it failed to counterbalance the loss of macroaggregate C. The ASI, with a reliability of approximately 99% in NV, exhibited a decline of 1% at 10 cm and 2% at 20 cm under MC and CC conditions. Concurrently, WAD reduced by 16% at 10 cm. CSI exhibited higher levels in NV and MC compared to CC at 10 cm depth. CPC in large macroaggregates was highest in NV (21 g kg−1), decreasing by 50% in CC (7 g kg−1) and by 33% in MC (14 g kg−1). At a depth of 20 cm, large macroaggregate mass was 28% lower in CC and 14% lower in MC compared to NV, resulting in a 29% and 21% reduction in macroaggregate C stock, respectively. In summary, the application of MC resulted in the preservation of SOC stocks at levels comparable to those observed in NV, thereby underscoring its capacity to maintain crop sustainability and augment carbon sequestration in tropical sugarcane systems.
Forfattere
Valentina Sierra-Jimenez Robert J. Macias Jonathan P. Mathews Vincent Carre Sébastien Leclerc Alice Budai Farid Chejne Jimena Castro-Gutierrez Alain Celzard Vanessa Fierro Manuel Garcia-PerezSammendrag
This study investigates optimal carbonization conditions for biochar production, focusing on pressure and acid pretreatments to maximize carbon yield and enhance biochar functionality. Over thirty combinations of pressure and acid type were tested, including organic acids (CH3COOH and HCOOH) and inorganic acids (H3PO4 and H2SO4), using hybrid poplar wood as feedstock. The results show that carbon conversion efficiencies up to 72 wt % were achieved with organic acids under pressures ≥ 20 bar. Inorganic acids produced biochar doped with phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S), demonstrating the potential for customizing biochar properties to specific applications. To understand biochar transformations at the molecular level, we employed a range of advanced characterization techniques, such as solid-state 13C NMR, ICP-OES, XPS, BPCA, LDI FT-ICRMS, and ESR, as well as 3D atomistic modeling of up to 13,000 atoms. These methods revealed how pressure and acid pretreatments influence the chemical composition, porosity, and atomistic structure of the resulting biochar. The study provides valuable insights into the relationship between processing conditions and biochar properties, demonstrating that optimized carbonization processes can improve production efficiency and reduce biomass requirements. This scalable approach offers significant potential for reducing carbon emissions and makes biochar a promising material for carbon storage, soil amendment, and other environmental applications.
Forfattere
Alice BudaiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The rising impact of the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) on Europe's forests is becoming a major concern, with climate change intensifying the problem. This situation has sparked discussion across Europe about adopting new, adaptive forest management strategies to mitigate the economic impacts on the forestry sector. Despite this, some regions have yet to fully embrace long-term strategies against bark beetle outbreaks from a climate change perspective. In our study, we examined the effects of integrating bark beetle risk into forest management strategies, considering both current and future climate change scenarios. Our findings indicate that reducing rotation length of low density stands with a high proportion of Norway Spruce situated in more productive sites yields substantial economic advantages. Particularly, regions with a history of bark beetle outbreaks, like Vestfold in Norway, stand to gain significantly from early harvesting. The economic gain from harvesting earlier in this region is projected to increase nearly tenfold over the next 50 years under climate change scenarios. Additionally, we recommend considering the use of mixed tree species within forests as another adaptation strategy, to enhance forest resilience against bark beetle infestations and other natural disturbances.
Forfattere
Liv Guri VelleSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Liv Guri VelleSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kjersti Holt HanssenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Karen Ane Frøyland Skjennum Thomas Hartnik Gijs D. Breedveld Erlend Grenager Sørmo Jan MulderSammendrag
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose significant environmental and human hazards due to their resistance towards natural degradation. Anthropogenic activities have resulted in worldwide spreading of PFAS, and soil remediation of PFAS is challenging due to its persistent and mobile nature. Amendment with commercial activated carbon (AC) of fossil origin is one of the preferred immobilization strategies for contaminated soil. However, waste-based sorbents may represent a greener alternative to AC. Here, we review the status and potential for the use of waste-based materials as PFAS sorbents in soil remediation. Key properties in the search of candidate materials are discussed, followed by an overview of potential sorbents. The materials reviewed are bark, protein-rich waste, chitosan, amine-modified waste, compost, biosolids, biochar produced from waste-based substrates, and a selection of industrial waste, notably bottom- and fly ash, char and slag. Performance and sorption behavior of these materials are compared for long- and short-chain PFAS, and their applicability is further discussed. Besides great sorption capacity and affinity, promising amendments combine high abundance, low cost, a potential for modification and low risk. Biochar emerges as the most mature and promising candidate of the materials reviewed. Other waste-based materials also show great PFAS sorption capacities, but their performances in soil have not been properly assessed. Besides sorption studies in environmentally relevant matrices, upscaling and long-term studies are needed to further examine the potential use of waste-based sorbents in remediation of PFAS contaminated soil.
Forfattere
Zahra Bitarafan Wiktoria Kaczmarek-Derda Therese With Berge Inger Sundheim Fløistad Christian AndreasenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag