Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Payel Bhattacharjee Mari Talgø Syvertsen Igor A. Yakovlev Torgeir Rhoden Hvidsten Tengs Torstein Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi Marcos Viejo Carl Gunnar Fossdal Jorunn Elisabeth OlsenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Johanna Lykke Sörensen Stephanie Eisner Jonas Olsson Stein Beldring Vanessa S.B. Carvalho Maria Elenius Carlos Ruberto Fragoso Anna Hansen Trine Jahr Hegdahl Benedito C. Silva Michelle S. Reboita Daniela R.T. Riondet-Costa Nívea A.D. Pons Cintia B. UvoSammendrag
Decision Support Indicators (DSIs) are metrics designed to inform local and regional stakeholders about the characteristics of a predicted (or ongoing) event to facilitate decision-making. In this paper, the DSI concept was developed to clarify the different aims of different kinds of indicators by naming them, and a framework was developed to describe and support the usage of such DSIs. The framework includes three kinds of DSI: hydroclimatic DSIs which are easy to calculate but hard to understand by non-experts; impact-based DSIs which are often difficult to calculate but easy to understand by non-experts; and event-based DSIs, which compare a current or projected state to a locally well-known historical event, where hydroclimatic and impact-based DSIs are currently mainly used. Tables and figures were developed to support the DSI development in collaboration with stakeholders. To develop and test the framework, seven case studies, representing different hydrological pressures on three continents (South America, Asia, and Europe), were carried out. The case studies span several temporal and spatial scales (hours-decades; 70–6,000 km2) as well as hydrological pressures (pluvial and riverine floods, drought, and water scarcity), representing different climate zones. Based on stakeholder workshops, DSIs were developed for these cases, which are used as examples of the conceptual framework. The adaptability of the DSI framework to this wide range of cases shows that the framework and related concepts are useful in many contexts.
Forfattere
Wim De Schuyter Emiel De Lombaerde Leen Depauw Pallieter De Smedt Alina Stachurska-Swakoń Anna Orczewska Balázs Teleki Bogdan Jaroszewicz Déborah Closset František Máliš Fraser Mitchell Fride Høistad Schei George Peterken Guillaume Decocq Hans Van Calster Jan Šebesta Jonathan Lenoir Jörg Brunet Kamila Reczyńska Krzysztof Świerkosz Martin Diekmann Martin Kopecký Markéta Chudomelová Martin Hermy Martin Macek Miles Newman Monika Wulf Ondřej Vild Ove Eriksson Peter Horchler Petr Petrik Remigiusz Pielech Thilo Heinken Thomas Dirnböck Thomas A. Nagel Tomasz Durak Tibor Standovár Tobias Naaf Wolfgang Schmidt Lander Baeten Pieter De Frenne Markus Bernhardt-Römermann Radim Hédl Don Waller Kris VerheyenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Income comparisons between farm and non-farm households play a crucial role in many aspects of farm policy. Using household income data from tax returns of all Norwegian taxpayers in the period 2006–2015 we study these income differences. We find that the unconditional mean income is higher for farm households, but with important differences depending on the comparison group considered. We also find that the income difference is reduced when we control for differences in the personal characteristics of the different non-farm comparison sub-groups. This finding implies that income comparison using unconditional means, as frequently done in agricultural policy making, is potentially misleading. We also show that the income effect of personal characteristics is not the same for different comparison sub-groups, as has been assumed in previous studies of income disparities. Differences in personal characteristics, and the income effect of those characteristics, therefore need to be accounted for if income comparisons between farmers and non-farmers are to inform farm support policies.
Sammendrag
Aims To develop a methodology to study uptake and redistribution by plants of NH4+ from deep soil, applying it to investigate deep root N uptake by cultivated grassland species. Methods A slow-release 15NH4+ label adsorbed to clinoptilolite was placed into soil (depth 42 cm) well below the densest root zone in well-established monospecific stands of five grass and two clover species. Species showing a variety of deep rooting patterns, N acquisition strategy, forage qualities, and persistence in hemiboreal conditions were chosen. The label was placed in early spring and tracked throughout one or two growing seasons in two repeated experiments. Results After two growing seasons ~ 90% of the label was tracked in the soil and harvested herbage of grasses, less in clovers. Deep N uptake was limited in spring, increased during mid-season, and was strongest in autumn in all species, despite lower herbage yield in autumn. Species differed in ability to recover and maintain 15N in the soil–plant system. In one growing season, Lolium perenne L., Phleum pratense L., Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. and Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort herbage recovered ~ 65% of the label, Poa pratensis L. 54%, and Trifolium pratense L. and Trifolium repens L. 36–48%. Label transport to topsoil was observed, mainly attributable to plant nutrient redistribution rather than physical diffusion. Conclusions The innovative slow-release 15N label enabled tracing species differences and seasonal changes in uptake of NH4+ from deep soil. Among the tall-growing grasses, growth vigor appeared as important for deep N uptake as expected root depth.
Sammendrag
Heat treatment increases the decay resistance of wood by decreasing its hygroscopicity, but the wood material remains degradable by fungi. This study investigated the degradation of heat-treated wood by brown rot fungi, with the aim of identifying fungal-induced hygroscopicity changes that facilitate degradation. Scots pine sapwood samples were modified under superheated steam at 200 and 230 °C and then exposed to Coniophora puteana and Rhodonia placenta in a stacked-sample decay test to produce samples in different stages of decay. Sorption isotherms were measured starting in desorption from the undried, decaying state to investigate their hygroscopic properties. Although there were substantial differences in degradative ability between the two fungi, the results revealed that decay by both species increased the hygroscopicity of wood in the decaying state, particularly at high relative humidity. The effect was stronger in the heat-treated samples, which showed a steep increase in moisture content at low decay mass losses. The reference samples showed decreased hygroscopicity in absorption from the dry state, while the heat-treated samples still showed an increase at low mass losses. Near infrared spectroscopy showed that the early stages of decay were characterised by the degradation of hemicellulose and chemical changes to cellulose and lignin, which may explain the increase in hygroscopicity. The results provide a new perspective on brown rot decay and offer insight into the degradation of heat-treated wood.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Trond Gunnarstorp Geir Kjølberg Knudsen Paula Izabella Lawicka Hogne Prestegård Tonje VitsøSammendrag
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Forfattere
Paul Eric Aspholm Simo Maduna Juho Vuolteenaho Cornelya Klutsch Hallvard Jensen Ida Marie Bardalen Fløystad Ingrid Helle Søvik Ane-Sofie Bednarczyk Hansen Runar Kjær David Kniha Helen Jewell Josefine Bergs Snorre HagenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Sigridur DalmannsdottirSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag