Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Beite opprettholder kulturlandskapet og gir ofte rom til mange og iblant sjeldne planter. Gjengroing i forbindelse med beiteopphør truer dette artsmangfoldet og forekomsten av arter som er avhengige av et åpent landskap.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Rune Slimestad Vilde Holm Hilde BarsettSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Increasing populations of large carnivores are leading to tension and conflicts with livestock production, a situation that potentially might escalate. In Norway the objective of the large carnivore policy is two-folded: to ensure viable carnivore populations and to secure a sustainable grazing industry. The main instrument is zonation, with carnivore management zones (CMZs) prioritized for reproduction of the large carnivore species separated from other areas prioritized for grazing livestock. The objective of this paper is to describe current knowledge about the impact of the zoning management strategy on the grazing industry. This is done by documenting status and changes in sheep production, losses of livestock to predating carnivores, and the use of grazing areas inside and outside the CMZs. CMZs offering protection for lynx, wolverine, bear and wolf cover 55% of the Norwegian mainland. 30% of the sheep and 50% of the Sami reindeer grazing areas are found inside the CMZs. Livestock (semi-domestic reindeer excluded) is using 59% of the available natural pasture areas outside the CMZs, but only 26% inside the CMZs. The lowest use of available grazing areas was found inside zones for wolves (12%) and brown bears (6%). Livestock in these zones are confined to fenced enclosures, mostly on the farm itself, or moved to pastures outside the management zone for summer grazing. Livestock losses increased in the affected regions during the period when carnivores were reestablished. Later, losses declined when CMZs were established and mitigation efforts were implemented in these zones. The bulk of sheep and reindeer killed by carnivores are now found in boundary areas within 50 km off the CMZs, where sheep are still grazing on open mountain and forest ranges. Therefore, instruments to protect livestock in areas close to the CMZs are also needed. The number of sheep declined inside the CMZs from 1999 to 2014, but increased outside the zones. The reduction in the absolute number of sheep in the CMZs is balanced by a similar increase outside, thus the total sheep production in Norway is maintained. We conclude that although of little consequence for the total food production in Norway, the economic and social impact of the large carnivore management strategy can be serious for local communities and individual farmers who are affected. There is a need for more exact carnivore population monitoring to quantify the carnivore pressure, better documentation of reindeer losses, and a clearer and stricter practicing of the zoning strategy. Increased involvement of social sciences is important in order to understand the human dimension of the carnivore conflicts.
Sammendrag
BACKGROUND: Interest in the wild berries of dwarf shrubs (wild berries) is increasing. Therefore, an update is important regarding how these species react to and interact with different climatic factors, and on how the predicted climatic changes will affect their distribution, growth and content of compounds affecting health. OBJECTIVE: To systemize knowledge of the Ericaceae and Empetraceae wild berry species. METHODS: A review of literature covering the above topics. CONCLUSION: This review includes five wild berry species and their subspecies: Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium oxycoccos with ssp. microcarpon, and Empetrum nigrum with ssp. nigrum, hermaphroditum and japonicum. They have been and still are collected in the wild, by local households and industry. The berries have high content of biological compounds of interest for human health. Despite the increasing interest in and demand for these wild berries, domestication attempts have been rare. The species often grow together and are competitors. Which species dominate depends on soil conditions and is determined by small differences. The changing climate and various disturbances will also influence the distribution patterns of wild berries and competing plant species. Semi-cultivation in the natural habitat is probably the best solution for viable and sustainable commercial exploitation of these resources, at least if they are sold with the label “wild berries”. However, these species are easily propagated by fresh cuttings, and they can grow on arable land, adapting soil conditions to fit their growing preferences. Such cultivation, to our knowledge has not yet been performed on a large economic scale.
Sammendrag
Østfold er i ulvesonen, og en stor del av saueholdet er på arealer som er inngjerda med rovdyravvisende gjerder. Dette er ofte ravineområder som har betydelig landskapsverdi. Sau på inngjerda arealer hele sommeren medfører spesielle utfordringer. I dette prosjektet er det samlet og formidlet kunnskap om det å drive med sau på inngjerda arealer. Slik kunnskap kan føre til at sauebøndene lykkes med driftsopplegget, og dette kan dempe konflikter mellom sauehold og rovdyr. I Østfold er det hovedsakelig arealer som er klassifisert som innmarksbeite som er aktuelle for sauehold på inngjerda arealer. Det er noe slikt areal som ikke er i bruk i dag, og det kan derfor være rom for å øke saueholdet noe. Saueholdet foregår ofte på relativt små arealer, og det går mye tid til flytting av dyr. Også snylterbehandling av sauene krever en god del arbeid. Sambeiting mellom flere dyreslag og veksling mellom beiting med sau og andre dyreslag har sine fordeler, men er lite vanlig.
Sammendrag
Aims Bacterial decays of onion bulbs have serious economic consequences for growers, but the aetiologies of these diseases are often unclear. We aimed to determine the role of Rahnella, which we commonly isolated from bulbs in the United States and Norway, in onion disease. Methods and Results Isolated bacteria were identified by sequencing of housekeeping genes and/or fatty acid methyl ester analysis. A subset of Rahnella spp. strains was also assessed by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA); most onion strains belonged to two clades that appear closely related to R. aquatilis. All tested strains from both countries caused mild symptoms in onion bulbs but not leaves. Polymerase chain reaction primers were designed and tested against strains from known species of Rahnella. Amplicons were produced from strains of R. aquatilis, R. victoriana, R. variigena, R. inusitata and R. bruchi, and from one of the two strains of R. woolbedingensis. Conclusions Based on binational testing, strains of Rahnella are commonly associated with onions, and they are capable of causing mild symptoms in bulbs. Significance and Impact of the Study While Rahnella strains are commonly found within field‐grown onions and they are able to cause mild symptoms, the economic impact of Rahnella‐associated symptoms remains unclear.
Sammendrag
Hold av sau på innmarksbeite innenfor ulvesona kan være krevende. Likevel har sauetallet vært økende siste åra. Vi har snakket med sauebønder i Østfold om muligheter og utfordringer ved å drive med sau i fylket.
Forfattere
Leif Jarle Asheim Anne Kjersti Bakken Klaus Mittenzwei Ivar Pettersen Sjur Spildo PrestegardSammendrag
Rapporten tar for seg effekten av redusert kjøttforbruk i fire ulike scenarier i et 10-årsperspektiv fra 2017 til 2027 for forbruk, import og produksjon av kjøtt sammenlignet med uendret kjøttforbruk per innbygger (referansebanen). Vurderingene skulle avgrenses til de fire hovedkjøttslagene storfe, svin, lam/sau og kylling. Deretter har en undersøkt hva det ville ha å si for arealbehovet for norsk fôrproduksjon i 2027 dersom kjøttforbruket per innbygger gikk ned fra nivået i 2017 med a) 10 prosent for alle kjøttslag og med b) 45 prosent for alle kjøttslag med unntak for fjørfekjøtt. Deretter var målet å drøfte hvor i landet areal vil gå ut av fôrproduksjon og hvilken matproduksjon som eventuelt kunne skje på disse arealene. Videre har en sett på konsekvenser av redusert kjøttforbruk for arbeidsforbruk og brukstall i jordbruket i 2027. En har dessuten analysert mulige konsekvenser av redusert kjøttforbruk for omsetning, sysselsetting og antall foretak i kjøttindustrien i 2027.