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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2014

Sammendrag

Studies examining the effect of biochar on N2O turnover in soil have demonstrated that biochar affects both the rate and product ratio of denitrification. The mechanisms proposed include pH effects on N2O reductase , sorption of N2O and electron shuttling to N2O reductases. Recent studies suggest that pyrolysis alters the redox chemistry of biochar leading to the formation of redox active compounds which are thought to mediate the observed suppression of N2O in biochar amended soil. Redox active components however may not only be of significance to biological processes but also catalyze abiotic reactions of N-species which could confound the estimation of biological effects. Here we report experiments designed to examined abiotic interaction between biochar and NO in anoxic water slurries with biochar of increasing pyrolysis temperature. We determined the fate of NO added to the headspace of closed anoxic bottles using high frequency measurements of NO, N2O and N2. Our initial results show a swift disappearance of added NO which can not entirely be attributed to sorption to the biochar. Small but constant quantities of N2O were generated after NO addition indicating abiotic turnover of NO by biochar. NO is an important signal molecule in the regulation of denitrification and hence it is important to elucidate possible abiotic feedbacks of NO reactions in soil. The results will be discussed relative to the redox properties of the biochars tested.

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Sammendrag

There is a need to better understand the increasingly interrelated system of national, regional and international initiatives and institutions that deal with bioenergy governance. Significant effort from various international organisations and partnerships (e.g. European Union, International Energy Agency, Global Bioenergy Partnership, Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels) has been directed in recent years to ensure the sustainability of bioenergy production through criteria and indicators and through the promotion of research on aspects such as the impact on livelihoods, food price as well as energy security. In this context, the paper examines bioenergy‐related conflicts with wide international ramifications from the perspective of the regulatory framework and its relation to global bioenergy governance processes. Special attention is paid to issues of large‐scale bioenergy developments in places like Africa, which are affected by support schemes of developed countries such as those from the European Union to meet targets for renewable energy and particularly biofuel production. The study concludes with the proposal of an overarching framework for the analysis of bioenergy governance, and with suggestions for further research.