Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Forfattere
Jussi Suvanto Katja Karppinen Kaisu Riihinen Laura Jaakola Juha-Pekka SalminenSammendrag
Berries of genus Vaccinium are rich in flavonoids and proanthocyanidins (PAs). We studied the PA composition and biosynthesis in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) tissues and during fruit development. Soluble PAs, analyzed by UHPLC–MS/MS, were most abundant in stem and rhizome with the mean PA polymerization level varying between 4 and 6 in all tissues. Both A- and B-type PAs were present in all tissues. Procyanidin subunits were more common than prodelphinidin subunits in PAs. During fruit ripening, the amount of procyanidin subunits decreased while prodelphinidin subunits and F3′5′H expression increased, indicating a shift in biosynthesis toward the delphinidin branch of the flavonoid pathway. Epicatechin was the most abundant flavan-3-ol in all tissues. Expression of ANR and three isolated LAR genes, analyzed by qRT-PCR, showed connection to accumulation of PAs and flavan-3-ols biosynthesized from different flavonoid branches. Insoluble PAs accumulated during berry development, suggesting that PAs are not recycled after biosynthesis.
Forfattere
Anni Jašková Tatyana Yu. Braslavskaya Elena Tikhonova Jaanus Paal Solvita Rūsiņa Māris Laiviņš Ilya B. Kucherov Nadezhda V. Genikova Ilona Knollová Tatiana V. Chernenkova Elena Yu. Churakova Martin Diekmann Rune Halvorsen Elena I. Kirichok Vladimir N. Korotkov Alexander M. Kryshen Daria L. Lugovaya Olga V. Morozova Petr V. Potapov Tatiana S. Prokazina Fride Høistad Schei Yury A. Semenishchenkov Nikolai E. Shevchenko Oksana V. Sidorova Nikolai S. Smirnov Olga V. Smirnova Ruslan Tsvirko Svetlana A. Turubanova Milan ChytrýSammendrag
The European Boreal Forest Vegetation Database (EBFVD, GIVD ID: EU-00-027) is a repository for vegetation-plot data from the forests of the boreal and hemiboreal zones of Europe. In this report, we describe its structure, current content and future perspectives opened up by the database. In February 2019, the database contained 13 037 vegetation-plot records from Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Norway, Russia and Sweden that are not yet stored in the databases of the European Vegetation Archive (EVA). Consequently, this database significantly improves the availability of forest plant community data from Northern Europe. The database is managed by the Vegetation Science Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno (Czech Republic), in the TURBOVEG 2 program. It is registered in the Global Index of Vegetation Plot Databases (GIVD) and included in EVA. The whole database, or a subset of it, can be requested via EVA, or directly from the database custodian.
Sammendrag
I forbindelse med omregulering av jordbruksareal til boligformål skal det utarbeides en Matjordplan for 126 daa i Asker kommune på gnr/bnr 2/34, 2/342, 24/274, 24/107 og 24/245. Landbruksforvaltningen i Asker kommune skal godkjenne matjordplanen. Jordloven §§ 1 og 9 slår fast at ved omdisponering av god matjord bør jordressursene bevares. I rapporten er jordas egenskaper, hydrologiske forhold, fremmedarter, planteskadegjørere samt andre forhold av betydning for jordflytting vurdert, og det er gitt anbefalinger for bruk og håndtering av massene. Det ble foretatt feltarbeid mellom 16. mai og 26. november 2019. Matjordlaget på tiltaksarealet er for det meste siltig lettleire og siltig mellomleire med moderat moldinnhold og godt utviklet struktur. Tykkelsen varierer mellom 23 og 60 cm. Eiendommene er ikke registrert i floghavreregisteret og er fri for PCN. Det ble registrert oppformering av hønsehirse på matjordrankene. Ellers ble det funnet kanadagullris, hagelupin og vinterkarse. Det skal tas hensyn til nevnte funn under jordflyttingen. Det er vurdert tilflyttingsarealer på to gårder (Øvre Jerpåsen gård og Hauger gård) for et samlet volum på ≈ 14 000 m3. Begge foreslåtte arealer har nedsatt eller ingen produksjon på grunn av skrinn matjord eller/og pågående/planlagte landskapsinngrep. I rapporten er det utarbeidet veiledning for å håndtere belyste kritiske faktorer for å oppnå godt resultat. Oppfølging av entreprenører som utfører arbeidet er nødvendig.
Sammendrag
I ‘Skogsbeite-prosjektet’ (2012-2015) undersøkte vi matvalg hos sau og storfe på beite i produktiv lavlandsskog. Studien ble gjort i tre områder med ulik tetthet av dyr (ca. 17 dyr/km2 i Nannestad, 36 dyr/km2 på Vestskauen i Sande-Eiker og 59 dyr/km2 i Ringsaker) (søye-ekvivalenter). Analyser av fersk møkk viste at gras dominerte dietten hos både sau (69% ± 18.7 SD) og storfe (81% ± 15.4). Satt opp mot felttakseringer av vegetasjonen fant vi også at begge dyreslag sterkt selekterte for gras, i tillegg til bringebær og for sau, også urter. Alle områdene hadde svært høy grad av diett-overlapp (76-92%) mellom dyreslagene. Det indikerer at de sterkt konkurrer om den samme typen mat. Mer storfe i et beiteområde betyr da mindre mat for sau, og visa versa. Ringsaker, med svært høy tetthet av dyr, hadde det høyeste diett-overlappet. Ringsaker hadde også mindre artsdiversitet i dietten både hos storfe og sau. Hvis målet er bærekraftig beitebruk bør enhver lokal forvaltning innhente detaljert kunnskap (f.eks. via radiobjeller) om hvordan dyreslagene lokalt påvirker hverandres arealbruk.
Sammendrag
Forest inventories provide predictions of stand means on a routine basis from models with auxiliary variables from remote sensing as predictors and response variables from field data. Many forest inventory sampling designs do not afford a direct estimation of the among-stand variance. As consequence, the confidence interval for a model-based prediction of a stand mean is typically too narrow. We propose a new method to compute (from empirical regression residuals) an among-stand variance under sample designs that stratify sample selections by an auxiliary variable, but otherwise do not allow a direct estimation of this variance. We test the method in simulated sampling from a complex artificial population with an age class structure. Two sampling designs are used (one-per-stratum, and quasi systematic), neither recognize stands. Among-stand estimates of variance obtained with the proposed method underestimated the actual variance by 30-50%, yet 95% confidence intervals for a stand mean achieved a coverage that was either slightly better or at par with the coverage achieved with empirical linear best unbiased estimates obtained under less efficient two-stage designs.
Forfattere
Hilde Halland Peter Martin Sigridur Dalmannsdottir Sæmundur Sveinsson Rólvur Djurhuus Mette Thomsen John Wishart Ólafur ReykdalSammendrag
Transnational cooperation is a common strategy for addressing research and development (R&D) issues resulting from similar challenges that cut across administrative borders. Value chains for food and drinks are complex, and transdisciplinary work is recognised as a method for solving complex issues. The Northern Cereals project ran from 2015 to 2018, and its goal was to increase cereal production and the value of grain products in four regions in the Northern Periphery programme area. The project included both R&D, but the main emphasis was on development, and was carried out by transdisciplinary cooperation between R&D partners and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). By reviewing the project’s methods, outcomes and composition, we discuss if a framework of transnational and transdisciplinary cooperation can help to develop the value chain from local barley to beer. We found that transnational cooperation was achieved successfully, that stakeholder involvement was crucial, but that academic disciplines such as marketing and innovation could have been included. In addition, we recognised that much work remains to further increase cereal production and the use of local grain in the Northern Periphery region, but believe that this project has laid a good foundation for further progress.
Sammendrag
Seedlings from seeds collected in three natural populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L. Karst)) in each of 21 provenances distributed between latitudes 63ºN to 66º20’N and altitudes from 25 to 500 m in Trøndelag og Nordland counties were tested in nursery trials and one long-term field trial. Large provenance variation was found for phenology traits and early height growth in the nursery trials. A strong clinal variation was found for these traits relative to latitude and altitude. These relationships were weaker for height and diameter at ages 26 and 40 years. The timing of bud flush was strongly related to the temperature conditions at the seed collection sites, whilst terminal bud set and lammas shoot percentages showed high correlation coefficients with the provenance latitude. Provenances in the same geographic region showed large differences in height and diameter Growth in the field trial. The long-term experimental site Spelrem is situated within the northern Natural range of Norway spruce and the general trend in this material is that provenances from the Northern part of the range perform better compared with provenances from more southern areas. Hence, the gain from provenance transfer seems to be limited under the present climatic conditions in this region.
Forfattere
Anders Nielsen Johan A. Stenberg Per Hans Micael Wendell Beatrix Alsanius Paal Krokene Christer Magnusson Mogens Nicolaisen Iben M. Thomsen Sandra A. I. Wright Trond RafossSammendrag
The product Limonica, with the predatory mite Amblydromalus limonicus as the active organism, is sought to be used as a biological control agent in Norway. Limonica is intended for use against western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentallis), other thrips (e.g. Thrips tabaci), spider mites and whiteflies (e.g. Trialeurodes, Aleyrodes and Bemisia spp.) in protected horticultural crops such as cucumber, sweet pepper, strawberry and ornamentals. The product is not recommended for greenhouse-grown tomatoes. VKM’s conclusions are as follows Distribution, especially if the organism is found naturally in Norway Amblydromalus limonicus has a very wide natural distribution, being reported from New Zealand, Australia South America, Central America, and North America as well as Hawaii. It has also recently established populations in crop productions and non-crop vegetation in Catalonia, North Eastern Spain. Amblydromalus limonicus have not been observed in Norway. The species seems not to have the capability to enter diapause under unfavourable conditions and it is the view of VKM that it likely lacks the ability to survive and establish in areas with cold winters and chilly summers, as found in most parts of Norway under current climatic conditions. The potential of the organism for establishment and spread under Norwegian conditions specified for use in greenhouses and open field The thermal preference of A. limonicus restricts its establishment, and the species has not been observed outdoors in Norway. As the species is incapable of entering diapause it is the opinion of VKM that it is unlikely that A. limonicus will be able to establish in outdoor areas in Norway. However, the lack of detailed information on temperature tolerance of the species constitutes an uncertainty factor. The risk of spread from greenhouses is low because no wind or vector are likely to carry the mites from the greenhouse to suitable outdoor habitats. However, mites that have escaped from a greenhouses to may spread in the nature. All conclusions are uncertain due to lack of relevant information regarding the species’ climate tolerance. Its origin and current distribution suggest that it cannot survive cold winters. Any ambiguities regarding taxonomy that hamper risk assessment There are no taxonomic challenges related to the assessment of A. limonicus. Assessment of the product and the organism with regard to possible health risks VKM Report 2020: 13 8 VKM is unaware of reports where harm to humans has been observed, whether by A. limonicus itself. Mites may, however, produce allergic reactions in sensitive individuals handling plant material with high numbers of individuals. There is reason to believe that this holds true also for A. limonicus. Key words: VKM, risk assessment, Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Food Safety Authority, biological control, predatory mite
Sammendrag
This study aims to identify some of the critically important factors in the sustainability of microbreweries in peripheral northern areas, focusing on the entrepreneurs’ understanding of sustainability. Theoretically, this study adopts the perspective of service-dominant logic on value. Methodologically, it uses an action-research approach and conducts in-depth interviews with four entrepreneurs. The findings suggest that the entrepreneurs reflect on several relevant issues in line with sustainability thinking. The perception of sustainability, especially environmental sustainability, is one subject that the entrepreneurs perceive and sometimes in conflict with the economic sustainability of their businesses. Constraints recognized include the lack of strategic planning and explicit discussions about sustainability with potential stakeholders. A critically important factor for the sustainability of microbreweries is the need for entrepreneurs to engage in wider discussions about the conceptual and practical aspects of sustainability, especially with government and community bodies.
Sammendrag
Nibio Ullensvang har i perioden 2008-2017 gjennomført rettleiingsprøving av samla 20 eplesortar og -seleksjonar. Føremålet var å skaffa norske fruktdyrkarar sortar som gjev stor avling med kvalitetsfrukt og er tilpassa det norske klimaet. Sortane vart poda på den svaktveksande grunnstamma M9. Pomologiske karakterar og fruktkvalitet vart vurderte og detaljert informasjon om dei ulike sortane er gjeve i denne rapporten. Sortane Rubinstep, Your Choice og Aroma ‘Fagravoll’ vert tilrådde til kommersiell fruktdyrking. Sorten Blyberg er tilrådd for småhagebruket medan sortane Lotos og Wellant bør prøvast vidare. På grunn av svak fruktkvalitet og sein modning er fylgjande sortar og utval ikkje tilrådde for dyrking under norske tilhøve: L II 3/05-09, Sonja, L II 1/08-09, NA 42-51, MA982 06059, Ritt Bjerregaard, Dalili Ambassy, Initial, Gala Must, Topas, Greenstar og Kanzi.