Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Dafni Foti Stephen Amiandamhen Eleni Voulgaridou Elias Voulgaridis Costas Passialis Stergios AdamopoulosSammendrag
Abstract This study investigated the incorporation of various waste materials including wastepaper, Tetra Pak, wood chips and scrap tire fluff into flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and cement mortar matrices to produce sustainable composite materials. Four distinct composite types based on the waste materials were developed and evaluated for selected properties including thermal and acoustic insulation. The proportion of the waste materials was varied between 10 and 40 vol% of the base matrix. The compressive strength of the filled gypsum composites was in the range of 4.17–10.39 N/mm² while the pure gypsum was 11.38 N/mm². The addition of the wastes in gypsum composites reduced compressive strength by about 10% for the best recipe and as large as 60% for the worst combination. However, the measured strength still exceeds the strength of typical gypsum wallboard with a compressive strength of about 3–4 N/mm² for whole-board crushing tests and it is much lower for point loads. The normal-incidence sound absorption coefficient indicated that the waste-filled samples absorbed around 80% of the incident sound energy between 2000 and 3000 Hz, comparable to some commercial acoustic foams. The results highlight the potential of utilising these waste-based composites in environmentally friendly construction applications. Depending on the waste type and matrix used, the results revealed trade-offs between multi-functional performance and sustainability benefits.
Sammendrag
Potato field management in Europe is already optimized for high production and tuber quality; however, numerous environmental challenges remain if the industry is to achieve “green economy” targets, such as less resources utilized, and less nitrate leached to the environment. Strategic co-scheduling irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization might increase resource use efficiency while minimizing reactive losses such as nitrate leaching. This study aimed to quantify the combined effect of irrigation and N fertilization on potato production, growth, and resource use efficiencies. A field experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2019 on a coarse sandy soil in Denmark, with a drought event occurring in 2018. Full (Ifull, maximized), deficit (Idef, 70–80 % of Ifull) and low irrigation treatments (Ilow, minimized amount to keep crop survival), each under full (Nfull, maximized) and variable (Nvar, variable amount according to the crops’ needs) N fertilization were applied. The analyses results show that Ilow limited potato growth under a drought-heat event; otherwise, potato growth was comparable between Ifull and Idef treatments, with 31–32 % higher irrigation efficiency (IE) under Idef than under Ifull. Nitrate leaching was variable and not significantly different among the treatments, being in general 9–13 % lower under Idef in absolute terms than under Ifull. Unexpectedly, outcomes from Nvar were statistically lower compared to those from Nfull. Radiation use efficiencies (RUEs) from Ilow and Nvar were significantly lower than from Ifull and Idef (14–19 %), and from Nfull (9–11 %). N use efficiencies (NUE) were comparable between N fertilization treatments but significantly different among different irrigation treatments. Overall, this study confirms that Idef is the best irrigation strategy. Future efforts should focus on developing improved approaches for detecting in-season crop N status and further quantifying N requirements, as well as promoting the co-scheduled management of irrigation and N fertilization. Remote sensing approaches have great potential to assist with this.
2025
Sammendrag
The new European organic regulation claims that cultivation must occur directly in soil in greenhouses. Cultivation practices in accordance with organic principles require the use of sustainable growing media and the addition of compost for soil improvement, preferably local resources. Soil improvement aims to achieve good soil health, including biological soil activity, nutrient availability, and favourable physical properties. However, only a few studies have been conducted on biological soil health in greenhouses. Biological soil activity was monitored in a greenhouse cucumber experiment on organic soil enriched with biochar and supplemented with local 1) compost, 2) solid digestate from biogas production, or 3) imported peat. The effects of silage mulching were also tested. Biological activity was measured in the soil using different indicators, while plant growth was monitored above soil. Results indicated that the mixture with compost contained more organic matter than other mixtures. Biological activity in the compost mixture was lower and started later than in the other mixtures. Silage mulch increased biological activity in all mixtures. Respiration rates and fungi content classified all three mixtures as stable growing media. At the start of the experiment, nitrogen content and pH levels in all three mixtures were similar. The peat mixture required the most mineral amendments, phosphorous content was highest in solid digestate and lowest in peat. Plant nutrient turnover to the plants was appropriate, although a lack of micronutrients was observed. Yields performed well. Our results show that biological activity in compost starts later in compost compared to the other mixtures. Anyhow compost is considered a key component of soil health. Fungi:bacteria balance was similar and comparable to measurements in Norwegian organically managed soil. Indicators were useful at farm level; they could be diversified further. Local compost and digestate performed as good as peat.
Forfattere
Volkmar Timmermann Isabella Børja Paal Krokene Jane Uhd Jepsen Ole Petter Laksforsmo VindstadSammendrag
Resultater fra den årlige landsrepresentative skogovervåkingen viser at kronetilstanden for gran og furu i perioden 2017–2023 har vært stabil. Det ble likevel registrert mer skader på gran og furu i 2023 enn i de to-tre siste årene, men mindre på bjørk og andre lauvtrær. Abiotiske skader forårsaket av snø og vind dominerte skadebildet hos alle treslag i 2023. For gran ble det i tillegg registrert mye angrep av granbarrust, og for bjørk angrep av målere. Almesjuke har i flere tiår hatt en kjerneutbredelse rundt Oslofjorden, fra Fredrikstad i øst til Grenland i vest. I 2020 ble den for første gang påvist i Risør og Arendal, og i 2023 også i Kristiansand og ved Slinda i Sogndal. I 2024 ble den oppdaget på ytterligere steder på Sør- og Vestlandet. Kartleggingen påviste forekomst av almesjukesoppen på 29 trær langs indre deler av Sognefjorden og på 17 trær på Sørlandet i kommunene Vennesla, Kristiansand, Arendal og Gjerstad. Disse nye funnene bekrefter at almesjuken er i ferd med å spre seg nye områder der alm vokser og som ikke tidligere har vært utsatt for sjukdommen. Dette er svært bekymringsfullt da almesjuke kan føre til rask død av almetrær. Siden 2006 har askeskuddsjuke spredt seg gjennom det aller meste av askas naturlige utbredelsesområde i Norge, svært mange asketrær har blitt sjuke og mortaliteten er alarmerende høy, særlig blant de yngste trærne. Som følge av de omfattende skadene og den høye dødeligheten, har askas status på Norsk rødliste for arter gått fra å ikke være oppført i 2006, til nær truet (NT) i 2010, sårbar (VU) i 2015 og sterkt truet (EN) i 2021. Granbarkbille er trolig den verste skadegjøreren på gran i Europa, og kan, sammen med tørke og vindfellinger, føre til økt dødelighet og dermed en nedgang i netto karbonopptak i norske skoger. Tall fra barkbilleovervåkingen viste heldigvis en nedgang i fangstene de fleste steder i 2024 etter de omfattende vindfellingene i indre deler av Sør-Norge forårsaket av stormen i 2021. Bestandsovervåking av bjørkemålere viser at bestandene ei 2024 er på vei mot en ny utbruddstopp ved kysten av Troms, mens bestanden i Øst-Finnmark er helt i bunn uten tegn til oppgang.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Volkmar Timmermann Nenad Potočić Anne-Katrin Prescher Alexa Michel Katrin Haggenmüller Till KirchnerSammendrag
In 2024, our sample remained stable with 27 participating countries and the largest number of assessed plots since 2019. We witnessed a very slight increase of 0.2 percentage points (%p) in mean defoliation as compared to 2023, mainly due to an increase of 0.5%p for broadleaves, while defoliation of conifers remained almost unchanged (0.1%p decrease). The strongest increase in defoliation occurred in deciduous (sub-) Mediterranean oaks (+2.1%p), while the strongest decrease was recorded in Norway spruce (-0.8%p). Deciduous temperate oaks had the highest (29.7%) and Norway spruce the lowest (22.4%) mean defoliation. Trend analyses show a considerable increase in defoliation of evergreen oaks (7.1%p), common beech (6%p), Norway spruce (5.5%p), and deciduous temperate oaks (5%p) over the past 20 years. The increase in defoliation for Scots pine and Mediterranean lowland pines (3.7 and 3.3%p, respectively) was more moderate. The results of the trend analyses were not significant for deciduous (sub-) Mediterranean oaks and Austrian pine. The percentage of trees with damage symptoms (48.6%) was almost the same as in 2023 (-0.5%p). As in previous years, the number of damage symptoms per assessed tree was substantially higher for broadleaves than for conifers (0.86 vs. 0.55, respectively). Insects, abiotic causes, and fungi were the most common damage agent groups for all species, comprising altogether more than half of all damage records. Tree mortality in 2024 was 1.1% (1 145 trees), i.e. at the same level as in the year before. While mortality rates for the main species and species groups ranged from 0.6 to 1.6%, mortality of Betula spp. and European ash was higher with 2.4% and 7% respectively.
Forfattere
Volkmar TimmermannSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
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