Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Alexander Jueterbock Clément Gauci Anne Margrete Leiros Nilsen Niko Steiner Ananya Khatei Griffin Goldstein Hill Leo Minini Christian Guido Bruckner Nikolai Buer Ralf Rautenberger Mark J. Cock Inka BartschSammendrag
Kelp farming is an essential component of the European blue economy, yet rising ocean temperatures threaten its sustainability. Breeding resistant strains takes several years, and reduces genetic diversity. Priming-induced epigenetic could rapidly enhance stress resilience and performance, but must be adapted from terrestrial plants to kelp and its bi-phasic life-cycle. Research investigating the long-term impacts of nursery conditions at the gametophyte stage on the growth and resilience of sporophytes is scarce. Our research shows that temmperature extremes at the gametophyte stage can significantly influence the growth, productivity, and thermal tolerance at the sporophyte stage, demonstrating transgenerational effects. We propose three aspects to advance biotechnological research to generate resilient kelp without breeding: 1) a mariculture test framework that allows to assess the influence of early life cycle stage treatments on sporophyte characteristics, balancing the operational capacity of commercial-scale farms with the replication in smaller production units; 2) the specificities of kelp epigenetics as a potential mechanism to carry a memory of environmental effects from the gametophyte stage to the sporophyte stage, and an angle point for non-genetic adaptation; 3) a modeling approach to simulate the effects of increasing thermal tolerance on the potential recovery of kelp habitat and farming area under projected climate change. Integrating a mariculture trial framework with molecular biology, and ecological modeling offers a pathway to develop resilient and kelp strains that show enhanced growth without compromising biodiversity or regulatory frameworks.
Sammendrag
Weed management in the apple orchard is crucial to maintain a high fruit yield and quality. Glyphosate applied twice is the usual strategy in apple orchards in Norway. Due to a recurring debate about the future of glyphosate use and a target in the Farm to Fork strategy of a 50% reduction in pesticide use by 2030, alternative solutions are needed. Two field trials conducted in 2023 in orchards (two- and eleven-year-old trees) are presented here. Six alternative strategies were tested: 1) hot water at 3 L m-2 x 3 (spring, early summer, summer), 2) hot water at 6 L m-2 x 3 (times as previous), 3) pelargonic acid at full dose (10.9 kg a.s. ha-1) x 2 (early summer, summer), 4) pelargonic acid at half dose (5.44 kg a.s. ha-1) x 2 (spring, summer), 5) acetic acid 10% at 25 kg a.s. ha-1 x 2 (early summer, summer) and 6) rotary hoe x 3 (spring, early summer, summer). Glyphosate at 1.08 kg a.s. ha-1 x 2 (early summer, summer) was included as a reference strategy. Hot water (±80 C, 0.1 bar) was applied with a commercial machine (Heatweed Technologies, Norway). For mechanical treatment “Orizzonti Mira” rotary hoe was used. Dry biomass and visual assessments of a percentage of ground covered by living vegetation were used to estimate weed control efficacy. Dominating species were Epilobium sp., Taraxacum officinale, Rumex longifolius in both fields, Aegopodium podagraria and Senecio vulgaris in the two-year-old field and Geranium sp. in the eleven-year-old field. Visual assessed in mid-July, i.e. about 3 weeks after the last application of the treatments, 3 hot water strategies with 6 L m-2 resulted in the highest level of weed control, i.e. 6 and 9% total weed cover in the eleven-year-old field and the two-year-old field, respectively. 3 L m-2 resulted in 16% and 20% total weed cover in the two-year-old field and the eleven-year-old field, respectively. This was better than the glyphosate strategy (23% and 55% total weed cover in eleven-year-old field and two-year-old field, respectively) and much better than pelargonic acid (both treatments), acetic acid 10% and rotary hoe strategy. The results of these trials showed very good efficacy of hot water, especially against annual weeds. No significant benefit of doubling hot water from 3 to 6 L ha L ha-1. Dry biomass was in the same order as visual assessments.
Sammendrag
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) cultivated in open fields is an important crop in Norway due to its economic and societal value. Strawberry fields are usually kept for three years mainly in a mated-row system and adequate control of weeds and runners in strawberry beds is crucial to obtain a high yield. Due to the withdrawal of diquat, strawberries producers urgently need new solutions for controlling of runners and weeds in their fields. Two trials were conducted in one- and two-year-old strawberry fields. Seven alternative strategies in 4 treatment times, 2 pre-harvest (late spring, early summer) and 2 post-harvest (late summer, autumn) were tested: 1) hot water at 3 L m-2 preceded by mowing x 4 (late spring, early and late summer, early autumn), 2) hot water at 6 L m-2 x 4 (times as previous), 3) pelargonic acid at half dose (5.44 kg a.s. ha-1) x 2 (late spring, early summer) and pyraflufen-ethyl at 0.01 kg a.s. ha-1 x 2 (late summer, early autumn), 4) pelargonic acid at half dose (5.44 kg a.s. ha-1) x 2 (times as previous) and carfentrazone-ethyl at 0.02 kg a.s. ha-1 x 1 (late summer) and pyraflufen-ethyl at 0.05 kg a.s. ha-1 x 1 (early autumn), 5) mixture of pelargonic acid at full dose (10.9 kg a.s. ha-1) and alcohol ethoxylate propoxylate at 0.01 kg a.s. ha-1 x 1 (late spring) and mixture of acetic acid 10% at 25 kg a.s. ha-1 and paraffin oil at1 kg a.s. ha-1 x 3 (early and late summer, early autumn), 6) acetic acid 10% at 25 kg a.s. ha-1 x 4 (late spring, early and late summer, early autumn), 7) mixture of acetic acid 10% at 25 kg a.s. ha-1 and paraffin oil at 1 kg a.s. ha-1 x 4 (as previous). Hot water (about 80 C, 0.1 bar) was applied with a commercial machine (Heatweed Technologies, Norway) and a lawnmower was used for mechanical mowing. Visual assessments of the percentage of ground covered by living vegetation (weeds and runners) and a number of runners between strawberry rows were used to estimate efficacy. Percent damage of the culture was recorded after all spraying times. The last assessment in early October, i.e. about 3 weeks after the last application of the treatments showed a promising effect of hot water alone or combined with mechanical mowing (0-9% total cover of weeds and runners) against runners and weeds. Mowing with a lawnmower enhanced the effect of hot water. Effectivness of bioherbicides were generally weak and the addition of adjuvants did not improve them. The post-harvest treatments with pyraflufen-ethyl (0.01 kg a.s. ha-1 x 2) showed a promising effect on runners and the effect appeared to be durable. Repeated hot water treatments seems to be a good alternative to herbicides against runners and weeds.
Sammendrag
Viltvoksende planter kan spille en nøkkelrolle i fremtidens matproduksjon. I deres gener kan det nemlig ligge verdifulle egenskaper som kan styrke og forbedre matplantene våre. For å realisere dette potensialet må bevaring kombineres med forskning som gir oss dypere innsikt i artenes egenskaper og genetiske mangfold.
Sammendrag
Mens blomstringsfysiologien hos bringebær er grundig studert og beskrevet, vet vi lite om den miljømessige reguleringen av blomsterdanning i nært beslektede bjørnebær. Tidligere studier viser at overgangen fra vegetativ til generativ vekst skjer på senhøsten og vinteren året før blomstring (Strik 2012). På grunn av dette har det lenge vært antatt at det er avtakende daglengde på høsten som styrer blomsterdanningen i bjørnebær. Hvilken effekt avtakende temperatur på høsten har, i tillegg til daglengde, er foreløpig uklart. Resultater fra et tidligere forsøk på Botanisk klimalaboratorium på NMBU tyder på at temperaturen ser ut til å være like viktig som daglengden for blomsterdanningen (Sønsteby og Heide 2023). For å avklare de mer spesifikke effektene av temperatur og daglengde på blomsterknoppdanningen har vi som en del av prosjektet ‘RobustRubus’ utført to forsøk med fire bjørnebærsorter i kontrollert klima (Sønsteby m. fl. 2024). Resultatene fra disse forsøkene presenteres her.
Forfattere
Michel VerheulSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Bærekraftig forvaltning av arealer i og nær byer og tettsteder, som muligens ikke brukes til matproduksjon, men som egner seg til det, kan styrke matberedskapen i krisetider og bygge og vedlikeholde kunnskapsberedskapen for matproduksjon i befolkningen. NIBIO har gode metoder, data og verktøy for å finne slike arealressurser.
Forfattere
Belachew Asalf Tadesse Tor Arne Justad Pierre-Adrien Rivier Erik J. Joner Wiktoria Kaczmarek-DerdaSammendrag
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