Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Will the toughness of tundra animals be their benefit or their bane in a changing climate? The tundra is a harsh and brutally cold place in winter, with almost no plants to eat. Only the toughest of creatures survive here. In this tool kit, we explore how climate change affects the tundra and its animals. We advice that pupils first do part 1 (animal adaptability).
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Kraftigere regnbyger, flere jordras, vinden som hyler stadig oftere, lengre somre ... Det gode eller det dårlige ved et stadig varmere og villere klima! I denne læringspakka vil elevene få innblikk i nordlige klima og muligens til og med sanse det. Ikke minst vil de lære om klimaendringer i nord, som ikke er helt det samme som i sør.
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Tundra er et brutalt kaldt sted å være om vinteren, med nesten ingen planter å beite. Kun de tøffeste av skapninger overlever. Blir hardførheten til tundra-dyr en fordel eller til besvær når klima endrer seg? I denne læringspakka utforsker vi hvordan klima-endringer påvirker tundraen og dyrene der. Vi anbefaler at elevene først gjør del 1 og 2 av serien om dyr og klima.
Sammendrag
Om lag 5 % av landarealet i Norge er bebygd eller opparbeidet areal. De resterende 95 % er utmark. Fotosyntesebasert verdiskaping i utmark skjer i form av skogbruk, utmarksbeite, reindrift og en rekke former for høstingsbruk. Rapporten gir en overordnet beskrivelse av status og muligheter med hensyn til denne verdiskapingen. Rapporten tar også for seg arealbruks- og målkonflikter som kan oppstå når utmarka tas i bruk.
Forfattere
Robert Schneider Laurie Dupont-Leduc Vincent Gauthray-Guyénet Nicolas Cattaneo Lara Melo Tommy Simard Alexis Begni Raphael Turquin Annabelle Morache-Mercier Samuel Pinna Ulysse Rémillard Charles NockSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Sustainability learning is gaining popularity as an important field within sustainability research, where farm sustainability can be understood as a learning process. In this study, we seek to reveal the sustainability learning process of farmers, utilizing a framework distinguishing contextual factors (where? and when?), knowledge (what?), motivation (why?), and process (how?). The article presents a participatory inquiry mixed-methods approach, utilizing results from sustainability assessments on five farms with the SMART-farm tool as a unifying starting point for further discussions on sustainability learning in farmers' interviews and stakeholder workshops. Empirically the study is set in the horticultural production in Arctic Norway, where few studies on sustainability have been undertaken. The study shows how both the complexity of the concept of farm sustainability and contextual factors influence the sustainability learning process, for instance by giving rise to a vast number of conflicting issues while working toward farm sustainability. The sustainability learning process is found to be predominantly a social learning process. The theoretic contribution of the study lies in its novel framework that can be used to reveal important aspects of the sustainability learning process, as well as to contribute to the literature on how to proceed from sustainability assessments to implementation. A key finding from the study is that farmers will require continuous assistance in their processes toward farm sustainability, but for this to be possible, knowledge, sources of knowledge, and learning platforms for holistic sustainability need to be established.
Forfattere
Selamawit Araya Kidane Beira H. Meressa Solveig Haukeland Trine Hvoslef-Eide Danny L. CoyneSammendrag
Pratylenchus goodeyi appears to be the most prevalent nematode pest of enset in Ethiopia, where it can occur in extremely high densities. However, the damage to yield or how different enset cultivars react to the nematode has yet to be determined. The current study therefore sought to establish a first assessment of these reactions by enset to P. goodeyi infection. Determining pest resistant cultivars is an important task in developing management strategies. Our study evaluated nine enset cultivars to establish host response and identify potential sources of resistance. In addition, the pathogenicity of P. goodeyi was assessed on three enset cultivars. After 9 months’ growth, significant differences in final population densities (Pf) and reproduction factor (RF) were observed amongst the nine cultivars, with ‘Gefetanuwa’ the most susceptible (Pf = 25 799 and RF = 12.9), and similarly in a repeat experiment for 4.5 months (Pf = 126 534 and RF = 63.3). ‘Maziya’ and ‘Heila’ were the most resistant in the first experiment (Pf < 455 and RF < 0.2) as well as in the repeat, together with ‘Kellisa’ (Pf < 5255 and RF < 2.6). In the pathogenicity experiment four inoculum densities significantly affected the Pf and RF but not among the three cultivars ‘Maziya’, ‘Arkiya’ and ‘Heila’. This is the first known study to assess genotype reaction to P. goodeyi, which shows that there are significant differences in the reactions of different cultivars and that resistance appears to be present in enset.
Sammendrag
In total 14 cherry cultivars and advanced selections released by the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC-Summerland), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada were tested at NIBIO Ullensvang during 2010-2016. The scions were grafted on the dwarfing Gisela 5 rootstock and planted in high tunnels. Main phenological, vegetative growth and productivity characteristics and fruit quality parameters were evaluated and detailed information about the different cultivars and selections are presented. After comprehensive studies the cultivars ‘SPC 108’ and ‘Starblush’ are recommended for commercial fruit growing in Norway in addition to the main cultivar ‘Lapins’. ‘SPC 107’ is recommended for home gardens. The selection SPC 263 and ‘Sofia’ showed outstanding fruit quality parameters, but had low productivity due to stunted tree growth. Grafting on more vigorous rootstocks than Gisela 5 is recommended.
Sammendrag
Ei oversikt over utviklinga i landbruket dei siste 10 åra i dei tidlegare Vestlandsfylka Hordaland, Sogn og Fjordane og Møre og Romsdal vert presentert. Driftsgranskingane i jord- og skogbruk er ei årleg rekneskapsundersøking blant tilfeldig utvalde gardsbruk frå heile landet. I 2019 var det med totalt 930 bruk, der 188 var frå Vestlandet; 61 i Hordaland, 67 i Sogn og Fjordane og 60 i Møre og Romsdal. Jordbruksinntekta målt som vederlag til arbeid og eigenkapital gjekk ned for Vestlandet, medan det var ein auke på landsbasis. Driftsformene mjølk og frukt hadde ein nedgang samanlikna med 2018. Dei andre driftsformene hadde ein auke i jordbruksinntekta. Nettoinvesteringane og gjelda på Vestlandet auka frå 2018 til 2019. Over halvparten av nettoinvesteringane vart gjort i driftsbygningar.
Sammendrag
Diameter at breast height (DBH) distributions offer valuable information for operational and strategic forest management decisions. We predicted DBH distributions using Norwegian national forest inventory and airborne laser scanning data and compared the predictive performances of linear mixed-effects (PPM), generalized linear-mixed (GLM), and k nearest-neighbor (NN) models. While GLM resulted in smaller prediction errors than PPM, both were clearly outperformed by NN. We therefore studied the ability of the NN model to improve the precision of stem frequency estimates by DBH classes in the 8.7 Mha study area using a model-assisted (MA) estimator suitable for systematic sampling. MA estimates yielded greater than or approximately equal efficiencies as direct estimates using field data only. The relative efficiencies (REs) associated with the MA estimates ranged between 0.95–1.47 and 0.96–1.67 for 2 and 6 cm DBH class widths, respectively, when dominant tree species were assumed to be known. The use of a predicted tree species map, instead of the observed information, decreased the REs by up to 10%.