Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Gjennom det nasjonale overvåkingsprogrammet for rovvilt i Norge ble det i 2019 samlet inn prøver til DNA analyse med antatt opphav fra brunbjørn (Ursus arctos) for ellevte år på rad. Av de 1229 prøvene som ble samlet inn i 2019, ble 1207 prøver inkludert i den genetiske analysen (716 ekskrementprøver, 475 hårprøver, 15 vevsprøver og 1 urinprøve) og 60 % var positive for brunbjørn. Totalt gav 610 prøver (51 %) en full DNA-identitet, og det ble fra disse prøvene påvist 148 ulike bjørner; 57 hunnbjørner og 91 hannbjørner. Dette var en økning på 7 % (10 individer) sammenlignet med 2018. Dette er det høyeste antallet brunbjørn registrert siden 2013. Forekomsten av brunbjørn var hovedsakelig konsentrert i fylkene Finnmark (61), Hedmark (42) og Trøndelag (34) som tidligere. Av det totale antallet bjørner påvist i 2019 var 66 % (98 individer) tidligere påvist i Norge, noe som utgjør en økning i gjenfunn på 7 % i forhold til i fjor. Om man inkluderer gjenfunn fra Sverige, Finland og Russland utgjør det totale antallet gjenfunn 104 individer (70 %). Estimatet på landsbasis for 2019 på 7,0 årlige ynglinger var det nest høyeste anslaget siden overvåkningen startet i 2009, men en liten nedgang fra 2018 hvor estimatet lå på 7,7 årlige ynglinger. De estimerte årlige ynglingene i 2019 fordeler seg med 2,5 i rovviltregion 5 (Hedmark), 1,9 i region 6 (Trøndelag) og 2,6 i region 8 (Troms og Finnmark).
Forfattere
Martin Pettersson Venche Talgø Odd Ragnar Johnskås Jan-Ole Skage Torfinn Torp Inger Sundheim FløistadSammendrag
Norway spruce (Picea abies) is a widely used Christmas tree species in the Nordic countries. Postharvest needle retention is an important characteristic for Christmas trees and compared to many fir (Abies) species, Norway spruce has poor postharvest needle retention. This trait is one of the most important qualities in choice of natural versus plastic trees. In this study, current year shoots were cut from 30 Norway spruce seedlot sources, including the most widely used Norwegian Christmas tree provenances, and tested to identify genetic variation in postharvest needle retention. Current year shoots were collected from one field in November and December 2018, and from three fields in October, November and December 2019. The current year shoots were displayed indoors under controlled conditions and allowed to dry. Differences in postharvest needle retention were seen between seedlots, harvesting dates and locations. Our study indicates possibilities of selecting for improved postharvest needle retention in Norway spruce seed sources. Furthermore, postharvest needle retention should be considered as one characteristic to add in the ongoing Norway spruce Christmas tree breeding program.
Forfattere
Harrison Mburu Laura Cortada Solveig Haukeland Wilson Ronno Moses Nyongesa Zachary Kinyua Joel L. Bargul Danny CoyneSammendrag
Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), such as Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida, are quarantine restricted pests of potato causing major yield and financial losses to farmers. G. rostochiensis was first reported from Kenya’s key potato growing area in 2015. We sought to determine the diversity, prevalence and distribution of PCN species across the country by conducting a country-wide survey between 2016 and 2018, which included a more focused, follow-up assessment in three key potato growing counties. A total of 1,348 soil samples were collected from 20 potato growing counties. Information regarding local potato farming practices, potato cultivar use, their diversity and availability was also recorded. PCN cysts were obtained from 968 samples (71.8%) in all the counties surveyed, with Nyandarua County recording the highest PCN field-incidence at 47.6%. The majority of PCN populations, 99.9%, were identified as G. rostochiensis, while G. pallida was recovered from just one field, in a mixed population with G. rostochiensis. Inconsistencies in PCR amplification efficiency was observed for G. rostochiensis using the recommended EPPO primers, compared with ITS primers AB28/TW81, indicating that this protocol cannot be entirely relied upon to effectively detect PCN. Egg density in Nyandarua County varied between 30.6 and 158.5 viable eggs/g soil, with an average egg viability of 78.9 ± 2.8% (min = 11.6%, max = 99.9%). The PCN-susceptible potato cultivar named Shangi was the most preferred and used by 65% of farmers due to its shorter dormancy and cooking time, while imported cultivars (Destiny, Jelly, Manitou, and Markies) with resistance to G. rostochiensis were used by 7.5% of farmers due to unavailability and/or limited access to seeds. Thus, most farmers preferred using their own farm-saved seeds as opposed to purchasing certified seeds. Establishing the distribution and prevalence of PCN and elucidating the local farming practices that could promote the spread of PCN is a necessary precursor to the implementation of any containment or management strategy in the country and ultimately across the region.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Alice BudaiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
En har i denne studien undersøkt potensialet for å erstatte fossilt drivstoff med elektrisk energi fra batterier og/eller hydrogenbrenselceller i traktorarbeidet på norske gårder. Dette ble gjort med utgangspunkt i seksten små og store modellgårder på Østlandet, i Trøndelag og i Rogaland. Disse var korngårder med og uten husdyr, og melkeproduksjonsbruk. Det årlige dieselforbruket i alle traktordrevne arbeidsoperasjoner ble beregnet og videre tidfestet og fordelt gjennom året. For alle brukstyper var det høye topper med mye traktorarbeid knyttet til pløying og/eller spredning av husdyrgjødsel om våren og til innhøsting og pløying om høsten...
Forfattere
Hannu Marttila Ahti Lepistö Anne Tolvanen Marianne Bechmann Katarina Kyllmar Artti Juutinen Hannah Wenng Eva Skarbøvik Martyn Futter Pirkko Kortelainen Katri Rankinen Seppo Hellsten Bjørn Kløve Brian Kronvang Øyvind Kaste Anne Lyche Solheim Joy Bhattacharjee Jelena Rakovic Heleen de WitSammendrag
Nordic water bodies face multiple stressors due to human activities, generating diffuse loading and climate change. The ‘green shift’ towards a bio-based economy poses new demands and increased pressure on the environment. Bioeconomy-related pressures consist primarily of more intensive land management to maximise production of biomass. These activities can add considerable nutrient and sediment loads to receiving waters, posing a threat to ecosystem services and good ecological status of surface waters. The potential threats of climate change and the ‘green shift’ highlight the need for improved understanding of catchment-scale water and element fluxes. Here, we assess possible bioeconomy-induced pressures on Nordic catchments and associated impacts on water quality. We suggest measures to protect water quality under the ‘green shift’ and propose ‘road maps’ towards sustainable catchment management. We also identify knowledge gaps and highlight the importance of long-term monitoring data and good models to evaluate changes in water quality, improve understanding of bioeconomy-related impacts, support mitigation measures and maintain ecosystem services.