Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Paal Krokene Beatrix Alsanius Jorunn Børve Daniel Flø Christer Magnusson Mogens Nicolaisen Line Nybakken Johan A. Stenberg Selamawit Tekle Iben M. Thomsen Sandra A. I. Wright May SæthreSammendrag
EPPO-listed plant pests were assessed and ranked according to the overall risk they pose to Norwegian plant health. Based on probability of entry, probability of establishment (including spread), and potential impact on plant health, pests were classified into five risk classes: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low risk. In this second progress report VKM has assessed 69 pests: 53 insects and mites, eight bacteria, four viruses, three fungi, and one chromista. No pests were assessed to pose very high or high risk. Six pests were assessed to pose moderate risk: Choristoneura fumiferana, Dendrolimus superans, Grapholita packardi, Potexvirus pepini, Tobamovirus fructirugosum, and Xylella fastidiosa. The remaining 63 pests were assessed to pose low risk (20 pests) or very low risk (43 pests) to Norwegian plant health.
Sammendrag
Overvåkingsprogrammet, som er finansiert av Mattilsynet, undersøkte i 2025 om karanteneskadegjøreren furuvednematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) var til stede i hogstavfall fra furu eller i furubukker av slekten Monochamus, kjent som vektorer for B. xylophilus. I programmets delaktivitet som omfattet kartlegging av furuvednematode i hogstavfall ble det tatt 404 flisprøver fra hogstavfall og vindfall av furu (Pinus sylvestris) med tegn på angrep av furubukker i slekten Monochamus. Prøvene ble tatt i Akershus, Innlandet og Østfold. Flisprøvene ble inkubert ved 25 °C i to uker, før nematoder ble ekstrahert med Baermann-trakt og undersøkt i mikroskop. Furuvednematoden B. xylophilus ble ikke påvist, men den naturlig forekommende arten Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis ble oppdaget i åtte flisprøver. Siden overvåkingen av furuvednematode startet i 2000, har alle de 10 141 analyserte flisprøvene vært negative for furuvednematode. I programmets delaktivitet som omfattet kartlegging av furuvednematode i furubukker ble feller med kjemiske attraktanter for fangst av voksne, flygende furubukker satt opp nær vareimportsteder i Akershus, Oslo, Vestfold, Rogaland og Trøndelag. Ingen Monochamus-biller ble fanget, noe som kan tyde på at varer importert til de overvåkte importstedene ikke inneholdte levende Monochamus-biller. Fraværet av Monochamus-biller i fellene tyder også på at det var lite naturlig hjemmehørende Monochamus-biller i overvåkingsområdene.
Forfattere
Anne Straumfors Anani Komlavi Afanou Oda Astrid Haarr Foss Abdelhameed Elameen Mikkel Meyn Liljegren Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
Background: Pesticides are used in greenhouse cultivation to control fungi and pests and to shape plant growth. This influences microbial communities and may increase the selective pressure for resistant species development. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health challenge, and while AMR dispersal through soil and water is well studied, the role of bioaerosols as AMR vectors remains insufficiently explored. Objectives: To explore the link between chemical pesticide and the prevalence of AMR genes in aerosols from greenhouses using pesticides and those not using them. Methods: Forty-nine fullshift personal samples of inhalable dust were collected in eight greenhouses from 2021 and 2024. Five greenhouses used chemical pesticides and three did not. DNA was extracted and screened for the presence of 45 clinically relevant AMR genes using HT-qPCR. Results: Twenty of the 45 screened genes were detected. Greenhouses using pesticides showed significantly higher AMR gene levels than those not using chemicals. Several genes, particularly β-lactam and tetracycline resistance genes, occurred in high concentrations, including extreme values exceeding 60,000 gene copies/m³. This suggest that pesticide-using greenhouses may represent a greater risk for AMR dispersal. In contrast, greenhouses without chemical pesticide showed lower and more stable AMR gene levels. Factors other than pesticide application may also contribute, such as import of treated plants, soil and fertilizer materials, plant types or individual workers. Further research is needed to assess the health risks for greenhouse workers and to support the development of effective strategies for preventing and controlling AMR spread.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Dalphy Ondine Camira Harteveld Abdelhameed Elameen Simo Maduna Adam Vivian-Smith Andrea Podavkova Sabine Oettl Stefanie Maria Primisser Jorunn BørveSammendrag
Small, superficial rot spots occurring around lenticels postharvest on apple in Norway have not been identified but were assumed to be underdeveloped Neofabraea lesions. Fungal isolation from such spots on fruit from the 2022 season revealed both Neofabraea perennans and Ramularia spp., identified by B-tubulin and ITS sequencing, respectively. In the 2023 season, isolations were made from fruit with spots resembling dry lenticel spot caused by Ramularia mali. The aim of this study was to identify the Ramularia species associated with the postharvest fruit spots in Norway. Multiple gene regions of five Norwegian isolates (E20, E21 from 2022; 13,15 and 18 from 2023) and three reference isolates, R. mali, R. eucalypti, and R. collo-cygni, were sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. The Norwegian isolates were distinct from the included reference isolates, but clustered with other Ramularia species. Isolates 13, 18 and E21 clustered with Ramularia vizellae, while isolates 15 and E20 were most closely related to Ramularia phacae-frigidae. Isolate E20 was sequenced using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION platform. Pathogenicity was assessed in a field inoculation study using isolate E21, resulting in typical spot development on inoculated fruit. Ramularia vizellae has previously been reported from dead apple leaf litter and other woody hosts in the Netherlands and Iran, while R. phacae-frigidae was originally described from Phaca frigida in Switzerland. Neither species has previously been reported in association with apple fruit spotting. While Ramularia mali has caused outbreaks on apple in several European countries, recent studies hypothesize that the symptoms may be caused by a species complex with regional variation. The present results identify candidate species contributing to this complex in Norway and highlight the need for further studies to improve species delimitation and pathogenicity.
Forfattere
Melissa MagerøySammendrag
Showet får barna oppleve hvor fantastiske planter egentlig er! Vi utforsker skjulte fargene som finnes inne i plantene rundt oss, og lager magiske “rødkål regnbuer” som skifter farge rett foran øynene deres. Barna får se hvordan planter kan være fulle av overraskelser, hemmeligheter og fantastiske farger – akkurat som små natur-tryllekunstnere.
Sammendrag
Defence priming enhances plant responsiveness to future stress following prior exposure, and has been extensively characterised in annual model species as a reversible state associated with faster or stronger defence activation. However, studies in long-lived plants indicate that priming responses can be elicitor-specific, developmentally variable and closely linked to environmental history. In trees, priming is often strongest in early life stages, while in mature individuals defence responses are more frequently associated with direct activation and stabilised regulatory states. Evidence across systems shows that priming can operate over multiple timescales, from short-term reversible responses to longer-lasting effects that influence response thresholds and activation kinetics. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and chromatin modification, contribute to these processes and may persist across cell divisions or developmental transitions. Together, these findings highlight the importance of developmental stage and temporal context in shaping plant defence responses.
Forfattere
Theresa Weigl Jorunn Børve Melissa Magerøy Hanne Larsen Carl Gunnar Fossdal Siv Fagertun RembergSammendrag
The physiological disorder soft scald may cause losses in apple fruit storage. This study aimed at understanding the interplay between fruit maturity at harvest and storage temperature on soft scald development in the susceptible cultivar ‘Red Aroma’. Fruit harvested late and subsequently stored at −0.5 °C developed the significantly highest soft scald incidence. Overall ethylene and CO2-production was reduced in late harvested fruit stored at −0.5 °C, while fruit from the early harvest showed a cold-induced ethylene increase under the same storage conditions, suggesting an active cold-acclimation response. Clustering of RNA sequencing data and overrepresentation analysis revealed that transcripts involved in cell wall modification, ripening-associated signaling, antioxidant defense system and secondary metabolism were upregulated in late harvested fruit at harvest as well as soft scald-affected fruit after storage. In contrast, early harvested fruit at harvest and disorder-free fruit after storage showed higher expression of transcripts associated with abiotic stress resistance, such as leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, protein kinases with tetratricopeptide repeat domains, and auxin response factor, indicating a potential link between early maturity and enhanced cold tolerance in ‘Red Aroma’ apple fruit.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Heidi Udnes Aamot Magne Nordang Skårn Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen Chloé Grieu Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag