Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Sammendrag
Chocolate spot (CS), caused by Botrytis fabae, is one of the most destructive fungaldiseases affecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) globally. This study evaluated 33 fababean cultivars across two locations and over 2 years to assess genetic resistance andthe effect of fungicide application on CS progression. The utility of unmanned aerialvehicle–mounted multispectral camera for disease monitoring was examined. Signif-icant variability was observed in cultivar susceptibility, with Bolivia exhibiting thehighest level of resistance and Louhi, Sampo, Vire, Merlin, Mistral, and GL Sunriseproving highly susceptible. Fungicide application significantly reduced CS severityand improved yield. Analysis of canopy spectral signatures revealed the near-infraredand red edge bands, along with enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and soil adjustedvegetation index, as most sensitive to CS infection, and they had a strong negativecorrelation with CS severity ranging from −0.51 to −0.71. In addition, EVI enabledearly disease detection in the field. Support vector machine accurately classified CSseverity into four classes (resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, andsusceptible) based on spectral data with higher accuracy after the onset of diseasecompared to later in the season (accuracy 0.75–0.90). This research underscores thevalue of integrating resistant germplasm, sound agronomic practices, and spectralmonitoring for effectively identification and managing CS disease in faba bean
Forfattere
Martin PetterssonSammendrag
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Forfattere
Jarkko Hantula Malin Elfstrand Anne-Maarit Hekkala Ari Hietala Juha Honkaniemi Maartje Klapwijk Matti Koivula Juho Matala Jonas Rönnberg Juha Siitonen Fredrik WidemoSammendrag
• Damage from wind, snow, spruce bark beetle, and large pine weevil are likely to be less severe in CCF than in RF. However, the conversion of RF to CCF may briefy expose stands to windthrow. • Browsing by large herbivores on saplings may limit regeneration of tree species other than spruce in continuous cover forestry and reduce tree species diversity, but alternative silvicultural practices may also increase forage availability in the feld and shrub layer. Browsing damage outcomes for saplings in CCF are diffcult to predict. • For many types of damage in CCF, substantial knowledge gaps complicate the assessment of damage risk.
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Sweet cherry fruit in Norway is sold to the domestic market for fresh consumption. Gradually the self-fertile and high yielding cultivar ‘Lapins’ has become dominant and in the 2024 season, cv. Lapins made up 60% of the total sweet cherry volume. The production of sweet cherry in Norway is located around three main packinghouses with minor to no differences in ripening time dependent on the weather conditions of the year. Situations with too much fruit on the market at the same time have been experienced, and fruit with a longer possible distribution time have been demanded from the packinghouses. In postharvest experiments, deliveries to the same packinghouse the same day exposed to exactly the same treatments were compared and differed in fungal decay from less than 5% to 60% after simulated shelf life. The dominating fungal decay was Mucor rot and grey mold. The risk of fungal decay pre- and postharvest on fruit grown in a humid climate (500 to 1700 mm annual precipitation) increases with high humidity under the plastic cover, with fruit-to-fruit contact in clusters, with incidence of non-developing or damaged fruit, and with minimal effect of the plant protection program. In order to improve the market situation in Norway, postharvest treatments alone are probably not enough. A holistic approach is needed through introduction of new cultivars with high yield potential that ripen over a longer period of time and are thoroughly tested in real scale experiments simulating distribution. A major challenge will be how to motivate growers to plant cultivars with potentially less income than possible with the self-fertile, high yielding cv. ‘Lapins’.
Forfattere
Daniel Flø Johan A. Stenberg Kjetil Klaveness Melby Selamawit Tekle Gobena Beatrix Alsanius Jorunn Børve Paal Krokene Christer Magnusson Mogens Nicolaisen Line Nybakken May-Guri Sæthre Iben M. Thomsen Sandra WrightSammendrag
VKM has assessed possible health hazards associated with the use of frozen eggs of Sitotroga cerealella as feed. Background The plant protection products CHRYSObio and CHRYSOcontrol contain Chrysoperla carnea and frozen eggs of Sitotroga cerealella. The eggs are used as feed for the larvae of C. carnea, the beneficial organism in the products. VKM has previously assessed environmental and health risks associated with C. carnea. Since the eggs of S. cerealella are frozen (dead), VKM has now assessed only human health hazard associated with the eggs in the products CHRYSObio and CHRYSOcontrol. Conclusion Insect eggs, frozen or not, can carry pathogens that may be harmful to humans. Freezing can kill some of these pathogens, but some hardy pathogens can survive low temperatures. Some people are allergic to insect proteins, and freezing does not eliminate such proteins. However, VKM found no reports identifying eggs of S. cerealella neither as carriers of pathogens nor as a cause of allergies in humans. The risk assessment is approved by VKM's Panel on Plant Health.
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