Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
In Norway exterior wood structures have traditionally nearly exclusively been made of treated and untreated Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris. In recent years there has been a tendency that other tree species, like various domestic hardwoods and imported species have been used in exterior above ground applications, often unfinished. For several wood species, especially hardwoods, information regarding the durability in use class 3 is lacking. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate natural durability of Norwegian wood species for above ground applications comparing two non-standard above ground tests with the European standard tests for soil contact (EN 252) and lab performance against basidiomycetes (EN 113). The European standard tests EN 113 and EN 252 gave quite similar results, and they also corresponded well with the natural durability classification in EN 350-2. The two non-standard above ground tests differed to some extend from EN 113, EN 252 and EN 350-2. The results indicate that natural durability classification for one single wood species can change depending on use class. However, the field trials need a longer period of time before a final classification can be performed. Four species not included in EN 350-2 were classified in this study: Juniperus communis (1), Salix caprea (5), Sorbus aucuparia (5) and Populus tremula (5).
Sammendrag
City planners need practical methods to assess and compare the sustainability of different alternatives for urban infrastructure. This article presents the consequences of selecting different methods to normalize the values of sustainability indicators, and the influence of selecting different indicators and different weighting techniques. A nature based sewerage system is compared to a conventional system. The article demonstrates that the method used to normalize the indicators, the choice of relevant indicators and the weighting technique have considerable influence on which system is found to be the most sustainable. By selecting particular indicators, weighting and normalization methods, it is possible to prove that virtually any infrastructure system is more sustainable than any other alternative system. Such a biased approach is difficult to reveal unless the most careful, expert scrutiny is applied. Because of this fact, it is of paramount importance that the consequences of different evaluation methods are discussed and sensitivity analyses are carried out honestly and objectively on the critical parameters. An evaluation process made in this way will enable those parts of the analysis that generate disagreement to be identified, and decisions taken on what is important and unimportant.
Sammendrag
In cases where snow is contaminated such as e.g. along highways and airports due to de-icing agents and other contaminants, it is important to be able to predict the zone of infiltration since this will determine the potential for retention and degradation in the unsaturated zone. The infiltration processes was monitored using time-lapse electrical resistivity measured in shallow electrodes in a glacial deposit near Oslo airport. TDR measurements were used to calibrate changes in water contents with changes in electrical resistivity values. In the first snowmelting event (April, 2006) there was hardly any ground frost, while in the second event (March, 2007) ground frost caused redistribution of meltwater and focussed infiltration
Sammendrag
Forest stands are the basic planning units of managed forest landscapes, and the structural composition of these units is important for conservation of biodiversity. We present a methodological approach for identification and mapping of important structural and environmental features of forest stands. Based on an analysis of habitats of red-listed species and a synthesis of results from research on spatial distribution of forest species, we developed a habitat inventory approach (Complementary Hotspot Inventory, CHI) that is currently used in forestry planning in Norway. The CHI maps fine-scale hotspots for 12 habitat types that are further classified according to positions along main environmental gradients (productivity and humidity). Consisting of different substrates in different environments, these habitats to a large degree support different species assemblages. By incorporating both the hotspot and the complementary approach, the CHI produces data tuned for later conservation measures. The high spatial resolution of data facilitates the use of conservation measures at different spatial scales, from single-tree retention to forest reserves. Avalidation test of habitats identified by CHI showed that the density of red-listed species was four times that of randomly selected old forests.
Forfattere
Christopher Saski Seung-Bum Lee Siri Fjellheim Chittibabu Guda Robert K Jansen Hong Luo Jeffrey Tomkins Odd Arne Rognli Henry Daniell jihong liu clarkeSammendrag
Comparisons of complete chloroplast genome sequences of Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor and Agrostis stolonifera to six published grass chloroplast genomes reveal that gene content and order are similar but two microstructural changes have occurred. First, the expansion of the IR at the SSC/IRa boundary that duplicates a portion of the 5 end of ndhH is restricted to the three genera of the subfamily Pooideae (Agrostis, Hordeum and Triticum). Second, a 6 bp deletion in ndhK is shared by Agrostis, Hordeum, Oryza and Triticum, and this event supports the sister relationship between the subfamilies Erhartoideae and Pooideae. Repeat analysis identiWed 19- 37 direct and inverted repeats 30 bp or longer with a sequence identity of at least 90%. Seventeen of the 26 shared repeats are found in all the grass chloroplast genomes examined and are located in the same genes or intergenic spacer (IGS) regions. Examination of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) identiWed 16"21 potential polymorphic SSRs. Five IGS regions have 100% sequence identity among Zea mays, Saccharum oYcinarum and Sorghum bicolor, whereas no spacer regions were identical among Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, H. vulgare and A. stolonifera despite their close phylogenetic relationship. Alignment of EST sequences and DNA coding sequences identified six C"U conversions in both Sorghum bicolor and H. vulgare but only one in A. stolonifera. Phylogenetic trees based on DNA sequences of 61 protein-coding genes of 38 taxa using both maximum parsimony and likelihood methods provide moderate support for a sister relationship between the subfamilies Erhartoideae and Pooideae.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ronald Bjøru Gunn Elin FedreheimSammendrag
Being a farmer in Northern Norway is challenging in many ways. In the last 20 years a greater attention has been given on area conservation, also influencing the farmer in many ways. In order to reach IUCN"s goal of conserving 15 % of the land area in Norway, it is necessary to conserve also private property as national parks. Increasing the conservation of outfields affects property owners in many ways; the conservation regulations define which initiatives can be taken in an area, the use of the area for forestry might be regulated, the national park status might attract even more people. All of these factors are mentioned as considerations regarding area conservation in Norway. In this paper we will present some preliminary results from the project Protected Areas as Resources for Coastal and Rural Business Development (PROBUS). The research question in this paper will be the following: How can farmers continue their activities or create new activities in conserved areas in Northern Norway? Some of the themes addressed will then be the different incentives relevant for farming in conserved areas, formal regulations that regulate farming in conserved areas, the possibilities for supplementary activities related to tourism and outdoor activities, and the interplay between the possibilities and the limitations with farming in conserved areas.
Forfattere
Ronald BjøruSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Eivind Vangdal Sigrid Flatland Stein Harald Hjeltnes Hege SivertsenSammendrag
Det vart gjennomført forbrukartestar med fire nye plommesortar. Forbrukarane syntest "Reeves" og "Jubileum" hadde finaste utsjånaden. Men smakspoenga for "Reeves" var låge. "Excalibur" fekk høge smakspoeng, sjølv om forbrukarane ikkje syntest plommene såge fine ut. Basert på kjemiske analysar av viktige kvalitetsfaktorar var det ikkje uventa at "Excalibur" fekk høge smakspoeng, og smakspoenga for "Jubileum" og "Victoria" var middels. "Avalon" fekk derimot høgare og "Reeves" lågare smakspoeng enn ein hadde venta. "Excalibur", Jubileum" og "Avalon" er minst like gode eller betre enn standardsorten "Victoria". Fruktkvaliteten hjå "Reeves" er dårlegare enn hjå "Victoria".