Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Lise GrøvaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lise GrøvaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lise GrøvaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Emil Sandström Tove Ortman Christine A Watson Jan Bengtsson Clara Gustafsson Göran BergkvistSammendrag
One of the major challenges facing agricultural and food systems today is the loss of agrobiodiversity. Considering the current impasse of preventing the worldwide loss of crop diversity, this paper highlights the possibility for a radical reorientation of current legal seed frameworks that could provide more space for alternative seed systems to evolve which centre on norms that support on-farm agrobiodiversity. Understanding the underlying norms that shape seed commons are important, since norms both delimit and contribute to what ultimately will constitute the seeds and who will ultimately have access to the seeds and thus to the extent to which agrobiodiversity is upheld and supported. This paper applies a commoning approach to explore the underpinning norms of a Swedish seed commons initiative and discusses the potential for furthering agrobiodiversity in the context of wider legal and authoritative discourses on seed enclosure. The paper shows how the seed commoning system is shaped and protected by a particular set of farming norms, which allows for sharing seeds among those who adhere to the norms but excludes those who will not. The paper further illustrates how farmers have been able to navigate fragile legal and economic pathways to collectively organize around landrace seeds, which function as an epistemic farming community, that maintain landraces from the past and shape new landraces for the present, adapted to diverse agro-ecological environments for low-input agriculture. The paper reveals how the ascribed norms to the seed commons in combination with the current seed laws set a certain limit to the extent to which agrobiodiversity is upheld and supported and discusses why prescriptions of “getting institutions right” for seed governance are difficult at best, when considering the shifting socio-nature of seeds. To further increase agrobiodiversity, the paper suggests future seed laws are redirected to the sustenance of a proliferation of protected seed commoning systems that can supply locally adapted plant material for diverse groups of farmers and farming systems.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Fernanda Leiva Florent Abdelghafour Muath K Alsheikh Nina Elisabeth Nagy Jahn Davik Aakash ChawadeSammendrag
Common scab (CS) is a major bacterial disease causing lesions on potato tubers, degrading their appearance and reducing their market value. To accurately grade scab-infected potato tubers, this study introduces “ScabyNet”, an image processing approach combining color-morphology analysis with deep learning techniques. ScabyNet estimates tuber quality traits and accurately detects and quantifies CS severity levels from color images. It is presented as a standalone application with a graphical user interface comprising two main modules. One module identifies and separates tubers on images and estimates quality-related morphological features. In addition, it enables the extraction of tubers as standard tiles for the deep-learning module. The deep-learning module detects and quantifies the scab infection into five severity classes related to the relative infected area. The analysis was performed on a dataset of 7154 images of individual tiles collected from field and glasshouse experiments. Combining the two modules yields essential parameters for quality and disease inspection. The first module simplifies imaging by replacing the region proposal step of instance segmentation networks. Furthermore, the approach is an operational tool for an affordable phenotyping system that selects scab-resistant genotypes while maintaining their market standards.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Karin Juul Hesselsøe Jørgen Hornslien Bjarni Hannesson Torben Kastrup Petersen Karin Normann PetersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Pia Heltoft Thomsen Karin Juul Hesselsøe Hannesson Bjarni Karin Normann Per Rasmussen Michelle DaCosta Eric Watkins Andrew Hollman Anne Friederike Borchert Trygve S. Aamlid Tatsiana Espevig Trond Olav Pettersen Jørgen HornslienSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a commercially important forest tree species in many Eurasian countries. Its wood has been commonly utilized for production of construction timber. In Sweden, a breeding program was launched in 1950s to improve Scots pine trees to better suit industrial requirements. The emphasis was mainly put on improving stem volume, vitality, stem straightness and branching characteristics whilst wood quality was neglected. However, since some of the important wood quality traits are negatively correlated with the prioritized volume production, the continuation of such an approach could in a long run lead to irreversible deterioration of wood quality. In our study, we focused on wood quality traits that are relevant for construction timber – wood density, stiffness, strength, grain angle and sawn-board shape stability (crook, bow and twist). We linked wood quality traits nondestructively assessed on standing trees with those measured on sawn boards. We estimated narrow-sense heritabilities, genetic correlations and correlated responses to selection with the aim of identifying reliable techniques for wood quality assessment on standing trees and proposing suitable strategies for incorporating wood quality traits into the breeding program. We have concluded that standing-tree drilling resistance, acoustic velocity and grain angle are good predictors of wood density, wood stiffness & strength, and sawn-board twisting, respectively. Taking into account the long-term development on wood market, we are proposing an inclusion of wood density in the breeding program, in the way that it will be retained at the current levels rather than increased, which would also positively affect wood stiffness and strength. Furthermore, we are suggesting to consider grain angle as a breeding trait although more research is needed to unravel its underlying biological mechanism.