Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Forfattere
Jevgenija Necajeva Aritz Royo-Esnal Donato Loddo Peter Kryger Jensen Friederike De Mol Garifalia Economou Alireza Taab Anna Bochenek Agnieszka Synowiec Isabel Calha Lars Andersson Ahmet Uludag Ilham Uremis Kirsten TørresenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Nivået av granbarkbiller er forhøyet etter en svært varm og tørr sommer. På Sør- og Østlandet hadde de fleste fylkene en moderat økning i den gjennomsnittlige fangsten av barkbiller per felle. I Nord- Trøndelag og Nordland gikk nivået litt ned på grunn av kjølig og kaldt vær i juni, mens Sør-Trøndelag hadde landets største fangst av granbarkbiller i år. Mange fylker melder om mange tørkestressede trær, men få har erfart noen økning av trær angrepet av barkbiller denne sommeren. Mange overvintrende barkbiller og tørkestressede trær kan bidra til økt risiko for angrep på stående trær i årene som kommer, men det videre forløpet av værfenomener vil trolig være avgjørende for om det blir en utvikling mot epidemi eller ikke. Tidligere studier viser at moderat tørkestress kan øke trærnes motstandskraft mot billeangrep, og under utbruddet på 1970-tallet var både flerårig kraftig tørke og store vindfellinger trolig en forutsetning for at epidemien ble så kraftig. En nær slektning av granbarkbillen som bidrar i utbrudd i Sentral- og Sør Europa har spredd seg raskt mot Skandinavia. Denne arten finnes nå nær grensen til Norge og er en kandidat for overvåking. Barkbilleovervåkingen i Norge har nå pågått i 40 år og er den mest omfattende felleovervåkingen av granbarkbillen i verden.
Forfattere
Anna Maria Vettraino Alberto Santini Christo Nikolov Jean-Claude Grégoire Rumen Tomov Andrei Orlinski Tiit Maaten Halldors Sverrisson Bjørn Økland René EschenSammendrag
The sentinel plants concept responds to the need for new strategies to identify and study potential plant pests (including pathogens) and assess associated risks before their introduction to other continents. However, even if very promising, this tool is not yet implemented on a large scale, partially because it requires adequate planning, long-term funding, strong local links and reliable collaborators. In addition, a wider implementation of sentinel plantations and sentinel nurseries requires knowledge of regulations and procedures regarding the possibilities for their establishment in different countries. In order to achieve this objective, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 2016, to which more than 40 countries around the world responded. The results reveal that many countries have few regulations specifically concerning the import of propagation material, making import of this relatively low-risk material easier than the import of larger living plants that may have been more exposed to pests in the exporting country. The planting of alien woody plants in the environment is possible for scientific purposes in most countries as exemption from general phytosanitary import requirements, but the import and planting of alien plant species may be regulated by different government departments. We will present the outcomes of this study, which will be useful to facilitate the selection of locations for future sentinel plants and may provide guidance on the rules for import of plant propagation material for the establishment of sentinel plants and sentinel nurseries in different countries.
Forfattere
Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
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Forfattere
Gregor Kalinkat, Tea Ammunet Madeleine Barton Andrea Battisti Sanford D. Eigenbrode Jane Uhd Jepsen Philipp Lehmann Seppo Neuvonen Pekka Niemelä Bjørn Økland John s. Terblanche Christer BjörkmanSammendrag
Recently, Deutsch and colleagues(1) projected future increases in yield losses to insect pests of the three globally most important staple crops under different climate change scenarios. Their results are based on model simulations parameterized with thermal sensitivity analyses of population growth and metabolic rates from a geographically and functionally diverse set of insect species taken from an earlier study(2). A subset of the original data compilation was then used to estimate the direct impact of warming on insect fitness across latitudes(3). More precisely, the derived thermal-dependence of fitness for globally distributed terrestrial insect species was integrated with projected geographic distribution of climate change for the next century (3). These models were then deployed in the new study investigating potential yield losses in three specific crops(1). We submit that Deutsch and colleagues rely on inadequate empirical data for their model parameterization to estimate pest-related crop losses. Strikingly, their source data did not include major pest taxa of the focal staple crops and were not restricted to herbivores despite that temperature-dependence of metabolic and performance responses are known to vary substantially among trophic levels and functional groups(4,5). Hence, the inferences drawn by Deutsch and colleagues(1) may be unreliable. Mitigating potential climate change responses of pest organisms jeopardizing future food security can only be successful if they are based on high-quality information relevant to the crop system in question(6). References 1. C. A. Deutsch et al., Science. 361, 916–919 (2018). 2. M. R. Frazier, R. B. Huey, D. Berrigan, Am. Nat. 168, 512–520 (2006). 3. C. A. Deutsch et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 6668–6672 (2008). 4. A. I. Dell, S. Pawar, V. M. Savage, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108, 10591–10596 (2011). 5. A. I. Dell, S. Pawar, V. M. Savage, J. Anim. Ecol. 83, 70–84 (2014). 6. P. Lehmann et al., bioRxiv (2018), doi:10.1101/425488.
Forfattere
Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
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Forfattere
Juraj Galko Bjørn Økland Troy Kimoto Slavomír Rell Milan Zúbrik Andrej Kunca Jozef Vakula Andrej Gubka Christo NikolovSammendrag
A warmer climate may potentially have a strong effect on the health status of European oak forests by weakening oak trees and facilitating mass reproduction of wood boring insects. We did a laboratory experiment in Slovakia to study the response of major pest beetles of oak and their parasitoids to different temperature regimes as background for predicting climatic effects and improving management tools of European oak forests. With higher temperatures the most important oak pest Scolytus intricatus emerged much earlier, which indicate that completion of a second generation and increased damage further north in European oak forests may be possible. Lower temperatures gave longer larval galleries and more offspring per parents but still lower beetle production due to semivoltine life cycle. For buprestids and longhorn beetles warmer temperatures resulted in more emerging offspring and a shift towards earlier emergence in the same season, but no emergence in the first season indicated that a change to univoltine populations is not likely. Reduced development success of parasitoids at the highest temperatures (25/30 °C) indicates a loss of population regulation for pest beetle populations. A warmer climate may lead to invasion of other population-regulating parasitoids, but also new serious pest may invade. With expected temperature increases it is recommended to use trap trees both in April and in June, and trap trees should be removed within 2 months instead 1 year as described in the current standard.
Forfattere
Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag