Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Abstract
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Abstract
Defense priming, the sensitization of inducible defenses, has been extensively studied in annual angiosperms. However, we are just beginning to explore defense priming in woody, long-lived plants. The natural compound methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been used for over 20 years to study spruce inducible defenses. Recently, it was discovered that MeJA not only directly induces defense, but also primes defense responses in spruce. Metabolite and transcriptional analyses of mature trees treated with MeJA and subsequently wounded showed that while terpenes accumulate at the wound site in a primed manner, terpene biosynthesis genes are directly induced by MeJA. Pathogen resistance (PR) genes, on the other hand, are primed. Sequencing of miRNAs suggests that miRNAs have a regulatory role in MeJA-induced defenses in spruce. Additionally, a detailed transcriptional time course of 2- year-old spruce treated with MeJA indicated that the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway is involved in the establishment and maintenance of primed defenses. When comparing mechanisms of defense priming in spruce to those in Arabidopsis, it seems that many mechanisms are conserved. However, some aspects, such as jasmonic acid-salicylic acid crosstalk, may be different. Identifying these differences and how they affect forest species is important for practical application of defense priming in forest management.
Abstract
Strawberry powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera aphanis, can be particularly destructive in glasshouse and plastic tunnel production systems, which generally are constructed of materials that block ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation (about 280 to 400 nm). We compared epidemic progress in replicated plots in open fields and under tunnels constructed of polyethylene, which blocks nearly all solar UV-B, and two formulations of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), one of which contained a UV blocker and another that transmitted nearly 90% of solar UV-B. Disease severity under all plastics was higher than in open-field plots, indicating a generally more favorable environment in containment structures. However, the foliar severity of powdery mildew within the tunnels was inversely related to their UV transmissibility. Among the tunnels tested, incidence of fruit infection was highest under polyethylene and lowest under UV-transmitting ETFE. These effects probably transcend crop, and the blocking of solar UV transmission by glass and certain plastics probably contributes to the widely observed favorability of greenhouse and high-tunnel growing systems for powdery mildew.
Authors
Elisa Senger Sonia Osorio Klaus Olbricht Paul Shaw Béatrice Denoyes Jahn Davik Stefano Predieri Saila Karhu Sebastian Raubach Nico Lippi Monika Höfer Helen Cockerton Christophe Pradal Ebru Kafkas Suzanne Litthauer Iraida Amaya Björn Usadel Bruno MezzettiAbstract
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Abstract
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Abstract
Goal: to detect both known and unknown pesticides and their transformation products in the environment The high-resolution accurate mass Thermo Scientific QExactive instrument in combination with the UltiMate 3000 UHPLC and Thermo Accucore aQ separation column, has for us proven a very robust setup for the screening of 850 pesticides and degradation products with unknown and known retention times in soil, water and food of plant origin. The screening method, with quantification, is used routinely for our research projects. Our screening method covers almost all the pesticides used in Norway. Exceptions are e.g. glyphosate, acidic herbicides and a few biopesticides and growth regulators which require adapted analysis methods, and some pesticides that can only be measured by GC-MS.
Abstract
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Authors
Ari Hietala Ahto Agan Nina Elisabeth Nagy Isabella Børja Volkmar Timmermann Rein Drenkhan Halvor SolheimAbstract
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Abstract
Bacterial diseases in woody plants are best characterized for ornamental and fruit trees and much less is known for forest trees. There are many diseases of forest trees whose etiology remains to be clarified and likely more bacterial diseases of forest trees will be discovered in the next years. An overview of the main bacterial pathogens that cause diseases in forest and ornamental trees is described in this chapter and the general differences between fungal and bacterial diseases are outlined. For bacteria pathogenic to trees, six types of diseases are described: Bacterial blight diseases, represented by Erwinia amylovora, the fireblight disease; Bacterial wilt disease, represented by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex; Root and stem galls of trees, represented by Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Wetwood disease, caused by several bacterial genera like Clostridium, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Pantoea; Bacterial scorch disease represented by Xylella fastidiosa with all its subspecies; Bacterial canker represented by Pseudomonas syringae with all its pathovars. Finally, the current diagnostic methods and specific issues related to bacteria detection, together with the main results of the scientific efforts and challenges in the genetic breeding to increase bacterial resistance of trees, are outlined.
Authors
Björn Andersson Annika Djurle Jens Erik Ørum Marja Jalli Antanas Ronis Andrea Ficke Lise Nistrup JørgensenAbstract
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