Marit Almvik
Research Scientist
Attachments
CV Marit AlmvikBiography
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Marianne Stenrød Marit Almvik Ole Martin Eklo Anne Louise Gimsing Roger Holten Kai Künnis-Beres Mats Larsbo Linas Putelis Katri Siimes Inara Turka Jaana Uusi-KämppäAbstract
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Authors
Marit Almvik Randi Bolli Agnethe Christiansen Ole Martin Eklo Roger Holten Paulien Mulder Gunvor Senneset Marianne StenrødAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Honey can be contaminated by various natural and anthropogenic substances, posing a health risk to consumers. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are naturally toxic compounds many plant species produce to protect against herbivores. Honey may become contaminated if bees collect nectar and pollen from PA-producing plants. Clopyralid is the active ingredient in some herbicides, including Matrigon 72 SG, approved for weed control in oilseed rape in several countries. As a systemic substance, its application before flowering may contaminate nectar, pollen, and honey. In 2023, 30 Norwegian honey samples were tested for the content of PAs and 22 other honey samples for clopyralid. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids were detected in 20 per cent of the samples, but predominantly at low levels (<12 μg kg−1). One sample contained a higher level (27.8 μg kg−1). Clopyralid was detected at levels exceeding the EU Maximum Residue Level (MRL) at the time (0.05 mg kg−1) and the current EU MRL (2024) (0.15 mg kg−1) in seven of 22 honey samples, including five honey samples produced close to clopyralid treated oilseed rape fields, one honey sample collected next to unsprayed fields, and in one sample received from a beekeeper. It was later clarified that beehives in proximity to unsprayed cropping areas with honey with a high clopyralid content also were close to conventional clopyralid-treated oilseed rape fields. The results indicate that a more extensive survey would be appropriate to evaluate whether PAs and clopyralid are a common problem in Norwegian honeybee products.
Authors
Marianne Stenrød Marit Almvik Frederik Bøe Marit Hauken Kathinka Lang Jes Jessen Rasmussen Roger Roseth Knut Erik TollefsenAbstract
Denne rapporten oppsummerer resultater og vurderinger fra en kartlegging av plantevernmidler i vann og jord i to utvalgte norske fruktproduksjonsområder. Arbeidet ble finansiert av den nasjonale handlingsplanen for bærekraftig bruk av plantevernmidler (2016–2020) og gjennomført i perioden 2019–2022. Områder med frukt- og bærproduksjon har vært lite undersøkt når det gjelder utlekking av ulike plantevernmidler til vannmiljøet. Dette er produksjonsområder med særskilte problemstillinger både når det gjelder sprøytepraksis og typen plantevernmidler som brukes. I prosjektet gjennomførte vi en kartlegging av forekomsten av plantevernmidler i vann og jord på to lokaliteter henholdsvis på Østlandet og i Vestland i områder med høy andel frukt- og bærproduksjon. Risikovurderingen av funnene i kartleggingen i studieområdene viste generelt lav risiko for miljøeffekter på jordlevende organismer, men stor variasjon og enkelte episoder med potensiell risiko for vannlevende organismer. Videre ble det gjort en vurdering av nødvendigheten og nytteverdien av langsiktig overvåking i tråd med JOVA-modellen i frukt- og bærdyrkingsområder. Anbefalingene fra prosjektet bygger på og inkluderer følgende hovedpunkter: (i) kunnskapsgrunnlaget om miljøeffekter av norsk landbruksproduksjon, (ii) økt bruk av overvåkingsdata i godkjenningsprosessen for plantevernmidler, og (iii) særegne driftspraksiser i frukt- og bærproduksjon. Det pekes også på behovet for et pilotprosjekt for å teste egnede overvåkingsstrategier og -metoder. Arbeidet videreføres i et prosjekt finansiert av den nasjonale handlingsplanen for bærekraftig bruk av plantevernmidler (2021–2025) i perioden 2023–2026.
Abstract
Core rot in apple has only been considered a problem in a limited number of cultivars and has not been a focus in Norway, or in many other countries. There is currently a high demand for apple juice and cider in Norway. As core rot is not detectable on the fruit surface until the rot reaches the outer fruit flesh, it is possible for infected fruit to be used for juice without noticing the rot. Since Fusarium spp., one of the known causes of core rot, is a known producer of mycotoxins, precautionary investigations are needed. Over several seasons it was found that both pre- and postharvest rot of Fusarium spp. were common on most of the cultivars grown in Norway. As in other countries, Fusarium avenaceum has dominated so far, but Fusarium paeoniae was also identified on apple. Inoculation experiments with attached fruit and in storage were successful both in establishing core rot and detecting different mycotoxins from the fruit. There were differences between isolates of F. avenaceum in both the type of mycotoxins produced and the amount. A potential life cycle for Fusarium spp. on apple fruit in Norway is suggested, and possible ways of reducing the incidence both pre- and postharvest are discussed.
Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health
Diversity Oats - A more sustainable Norwegian oat industry by increased genetic diversity and diversified food products
Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health
REKORN: Can regenerative cultivation methods contribute to reduce the risk of fungal diseases in cereals?
Regenerative agriculture is referred to as a bridge between organic and conventional agriculture and has received increased attention in recent years. Regenerative agriculture focuses on soil health and cultivation measures that can stimulate soil life and plant growth. An improvement in soil health is visualized, among other things, in increased carbon storage in the soil, limited soil compaction and increased microbiological diversity. The methods used to improve soil health within cereal cultivation may include crop rotation, reduced tillage, intercropping, use of catch crops and surface composting where plant residues are mixed into the top-soil layer.