Marit Almvik

Research Scientist

(+47) 957 28 015
marit.almvik@nibio.no

Place
Ås H7

Visiting address
Høgskoleveien 7, 1433 Ås

Biography

My research is focused on the study of the fate of pesticides in the environment; their degradation and transport in soil and water. I also study bioactive natural compounds such as plant toxins and mycotoxins in food of plant origin. I work with LC-MS/MS and LC-HRMS to develop analytical methods for pesticides and their metabolites in soil and water. I work with metabolomics in the Thermo Compound Discoverer software to detected new pesticide metabolites and discover the biologically relevant plant metabolites in plant and fungal samples or in fungal infected plants. 

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Abstract

Poster presented at SETAC 2026. Plastic waste in the environment has been suggested as a potential carrier for azoles and other pesticides, which may contribute to the selection and spread of fungal resistance to azole-based medicines and pesticides. Here, we report results from pesticide analyses of plastic litter collected across Norway. Although many of the 120 plastic samples were weathered and small, we detected pesticides and other contaminants on 36 of the samples, including azoles on 13 of them. Azole concentrations ranged from 2-66 µg/kg plastic litter. The concentrations of the other contaminants ranged from 1 to 731 µg/kg plastic litter, with the highest finding of the herbicide fluroxypyr-meptyl on a piece of hayball plastic wrap. 18 of the litter samples with findings were found in forest habitats, whereas 17 samples were sampled from farmland and grassland. The findings suggest certain pesticides and biocides, including azoles, bind more strongly to plastic than previously assumed, allowing contaminants to persist and spread beyond agricultural areas into natural habitats. This raises concerns about environmental transport of antifungal agents and the potential acceleration of resistance development, posing risks to health and ecosystems.

To document

Abstract

Honey can be contaminated by various natural and anthropogenic substances, posing a health risk to consumers. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are naturally toxic compounds many plant species produce to protect against herbivores. Honey may become contaminated if bees collect nectar and pollen from PA-producing plants. Clopyralid is the active ingredient in some herbicides, including Matrigon 72 SG, approved for weed control in oilseed rape in several countries. As a systemic substance, its application before flowering may contaminate nectar, pollen, and honey. In 2023, 30 Norwegian honey samples were tested for the content of PAs and 22 other honey samples for clopyralid. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids were detected in 20 per cent of the samples, but predominantly at low levels (<12 μg kg−1). One sample contained a higher level (27.8 μg kg−1). Clopyralid was detected at levels exceeding the EU Maximum Residue Level (MRL) at the time (0.05 mg kg−1) and the current EU MRL (2024) (0.15 mg kg−1) in seven of 22 honey samples, including five honey samples produced close to clopyralid treated oilseed rape fields, one honey sample collected next to unsprayed fields, and in one sample received from a beekeeper. It was later clarified that beehives in proximity to unsprayed cropping areas with honey with a high clopyralid content also were close to conventional clopyralid-treated oilseed rape fields. The results indicate that a more extensive survey would be appropriate to evaluate whether PAs and clopyralid are a common problem in Norwegian honeybee products.