Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Forfattere
Mette Thomsen Hugh Riley Grethe Iren Andersen Borge Per Lea Marit Rødbotten Gunnar BengtssonSammendrag
Swede is known as a healthy vegetable with a high content of vitamin C. However, very few studies have worked with the aim to evaluate how varieties, soil type and fertilizer interact and affect quality in swede. In the present study two varieties of swedes (‘Vige’ and ‘Vigod’) were grown on peat, loam and sand, with three levels of K (0, 120, 240 kg ha-1) and N fertilizer (0, 80, 160 kg ha-1). Low to moderate levels of N gave highest saleable yield, highest content of vitamin C and lowest content of nitrate. Peat soil gave highest saleable yield, lowest soluble solids and vitamin C and highest nitrate content. Soluble solids and vitamin C were negatively correlated with total root yield. Sandy soil gave lowest saleable yield, sweetest taste and lowest nitrate content. Contents of total, aliphatic, indole and individual glucosinolates, on dry matter basis, were highest on peat. N fertilization increased the content of most glucosinolates, whereas K affected glucobrassicin at the highest N level. Progoitrin was lowest in roots grown on sand, and was affected by N level and variety on sand and loam soils. Consumers preferred ‘Vigod’, which had the highest intensity of sweetness, although ‘Vige’ had more vitamin C and less nitrate.
Sammendrag
Tradisjonelt var bruken av arealene omkring gårdene og i utmarka svært variert og strakk seg over store områder. Siden vinterfôret var den begrensende faktoren i forhold til hvor mange dyr man kunne livberge, ble fôret henta fra fjerne og nære slåttearealer. Disse arealene ble vanligvis også beita både vår og høst. Til sammenligning med den tradisjonelle bruken, blir mange slåttemarker i dag skjøtta på en sterkt forenkla måte. De slåtteengene vi har igjen er dessuten ofte små og ligger spredt i landskapet. Så spørsmålet blir hvordan vi best kan ta vare på de små flekkene vi har igjen med slåttemark for framtida?
Sammendrag
Slåttonna var en svært arbeidskrevende periode og kunne ta lang tid, gjerne 4-6 uker på arealene nær gården. Det var vanlig å gjøre unna slåtten på innmarka først, før man fortsatte å slå i utmarka og oppover i fjellet. Enkelte steder foregikk likevel slåtten på stø- lene først, fordi vårbeitinga medførte senere slått av innmarka. Utmarksslåtten eller markaslåtten kunne vare helt til frosten kom eller gjerne enda lengre. Med overgangen til kunsteng og kunstgjødsel ble avlingene på innmarka større, og seter- og utmarkslåtten etter hvert gjort overflødig.
Sammendrag
Farmers are exposed to climate change and uncertainty about how that change will develop. As farm incomes, in Norway and elsewhere, greatly depend on government subsidies, the risk of a policy change constitutes an additional uncertainty source. Hence, climate and policy uncertainty could substantially impact agricultural production and farm income. However, these sources of uncertainty have, so far, rarely been combined in food production analyses. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a combination of policy and climate uncertainty on agricultural production, land use, and social welfare in Norway. Output yield distributions of spring wheat and timothy, a major forage grass, from simulations with the weatherdriven crop models, CSM-CERES-Wheat and, LINGRA, were processed in the a stochastic version Jordmod, a price-endogenous spatial economic sector model of the Norwegian agriculture. To account for potential effects of climate uncertainty within a given future greenhouse gas emission scenario on farm profitability, effects on conditions that represented the projected climate for 2050 under the emission scenario A1B from the 4th assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and four Global Climate Models (GCM) was investigated. The uncertainty about the level of payment rates at the time farmers make their management decisions was handled by varying the distribution of payment rates applied in the Jordmod model. These changes were based on the change in the overall level of agricultural support in the past. Three uncertainty scenarios were developed and tested: one with climate change uncertainty, another with payment rate uncertainty, and a third where both types of uncertainty were combined. The three scenarios were compared with results from a deterministic scenario where crop yields and payment rates were constant. Climate change resulted in on average 9% lower cereal production, unchanged grass production and more volatile crop yield as well as 4% higher farm incomes on average compared to the deterministic scenario. The scenario with a combination of climate change and policy uncertainty increased the mean farm income more than a scenario with only one source of uncertainty. On the other hand, land use and farm labour were negatively affected under these conditions compared to the deterministic case. Highlighting the potential influence of climate change and policy uncertainty on the performance of the farm sector our results underline the potential error in neglecting either of these two uncertainties in studies of agricultural production, land use and welfare.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tor J. Johansen Jørgen A.B. Mølmann Gunnar Bengtsson Monica Schreiner Pablo Velasco Anne Linn Hykkerud Elena Cartea Per Lea Josefine Skaret Randi SeljåsenSammendrag
BACKGROUND Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) is a popular vegetable grown at a wide range of latitudes. Plants were grown in 2009–2011 in pots with standardized soil, irrigation and nutrient supply under natural temperature and light conditions at four locations (42–70° N). A descriptive sensory analysis of broccoli florets was performed by a trained panel to examine any differences along the latitudinal gradient for 30 attributes within appearance, odour, taste/flavour and texture. RESULTS Average results over three summer seasons in Germany, southern Norway and northern Norway showed that the northernmost location with low temperatures and long days had highest scores for bud coarseness and uniform colour, while broccoli from the German location, with high temperatures and shorter days, had highest intensity of colour hue, whiteness, bitter taste, cabbage flavour, stale flavour and watery flavour. Results from two autumn seasons at the fourth location (42° N, Spain), with low temperatures and short days, tended toward results from the two northernmost locations, with an exception for most texture attributes. CONCLUSION Results clearly demonstrate that temperature and light conditions related to latitude and season affect the sensory quality of broccoli florets. Results may be used in marketing special quality regional or seasonal products. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Øygruppen Tarva har siden 2010 hatt status som Utvalgt kulturlandskap, hovedsakelig begrunnet i de store arealressursene med kystlynghei i god hevd. Kystlynghei er en trua naturtype beskyttet av naturmangfoldloven som såkalt Utvalgt naturtype. Naturtypen er avhengig av beiting for å opprettholdes, og grunneier på Tarva har nå søkt konsesjon for hold av 50 tamrein. Samtidig ønsker han å fase ut storfeholdet. Rein er et ukjent beitedyr for forvalting av kystlynghei og i rapporten er det foretatt en gjennomgang av tilgjengelig vitenskapelig litteratur for å belyse rein som beitedyr på bestilling av grunneier. Reinsdyras beitepreferanser er sammenlignet med hvordan gammelnorsk sau (GNS) beiter i kystlynghei. På et generelt grunnlag er det ikke funnet store forskjeller i valg av plantemateriale mellom GNS og rein, begge beitedyra beiter gjerne både på vedvekster, urter og gras. Lav utgjør en betydelig større del av dietten hos rein. Fordi det ikke er funnet vitenskapelige studier som tar opp denne problemstillingen eller studier som undersøker reinens beitepreferanser i kystlynghei spesifikt, er det ikke mulig å trekke noen konklusjon i spørsmålet. Det foreligger heller ingen studier fra områder der røsslyng er utbredt, og det er påfallende at denne planten er fraværende i mange av de viktigste reinbeitedistrikta. Kystlynghei er sårbar for intensiv beting etter lyngsviing. Det blir derfor tilrådd oppfølging av revegetering i kystlynghei etter lyngbrenning, dersom konsesjon for hold av rein blir innvilget. Trakkskader er ikke ventet å bli forverret av å erstatte storfe med rein. Eventuelle dyreetiske betenkeligheter er ikke vurdert i rapporten, men det knytter seg enkelte bekymringer med å flytte rein til områder med et varmere sommerklima enn det de er tilpasset til. Rapporten er utarbeidet av forskere tilknyttet Norsk Viltskadesenter i NIBIO.
Forfattere
Mette Thomsen Erlend Indergård Belachew Asalf Tadesse Pia Heltoft Thomsen Anne-Berit Wold Berit Nordskog Gerd Guren Johannes Dyste Hanne LarsenSammendrag
Optimization of produce quality and storage conditions to reduce loss during long-term storage of root vegetables in Norway (OPTIROOT, 2016-2019) Authors: Thomsen, M.G., Indergaard, E., Asalf, B., Heltoft, P., Wold, A.B., Nordskog, B., Guren, G, Dyste, J. & Larsen, H. Author’s affiliation: Key words: carrot, swede, celeriac, storage technology, diseases, physiological disorder, packaging, nutrition Reducing yield loss along the supply chains is important for resource sustainability in vegetable production. Norwegian root vegetables are typically stored 6 to 8 months before consumption, often resulting in 20-30% loss post harvest. In OptiRoot 26 producers, refrigeration-technology companies, sensor developer, grower’s organisation, agricultural advisory service, and four research institutes are cooperating and conducting research to improve storage quality of carrot, swede and celeriac. The research focuses on: i) Fertilizer/Boron deficiency affects the storage quality of root vegetables and amount, methods of application, and timing of boron are studied in swede and celeriac. ii) Interaction between storage conditions/functions and produce quality of the root vegetables through mapping of technical features of 27 storages. The storage conditions recorded are relative humidity, air movement, temperature in boxes and storages, and physical features of storages. In addition, the physiological and health status of the produces are assessed one week before harvest, postharvest and post-storage. The prevalence of fungal diseases or disorders varied from region to region and between storages. iii) Effects of pre-storage wound healing are tested using seven different temperature strategies (direct to 0° C vs. down 0.2° C per day vs. 1° C per day) and low/high humidity in carrot (2016/17/18), celeriac and swede (2017/18/19). Preliminary results show that wound healing reduced loss due to fungal infections in carrot iv) CO2 concentration, temperature and relative humidity were recorded over time inside carrot storage bin liners with different numbers of perforations. An initial screening indicated a positive correlation between number of holes and number of fresh roots. As a post storage method, coating of swede with chitosan oligomers will be tested to inhibit growth of post-harvest pathogens. In conclusion, OptiRoot have gained good progress and promising preliminary results by connecting data on biology and technology for reduction of loss during long-term storage.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag