Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Shirin Mohammadi Morten Lillemo Åshild Gunilla Ergon Sahameh Shafiee Stefano Zanotto Jon Arne Dieseth Wendy Marie Waalen Chloé Grieu Anne Kjersti UhlenSammendrag
This study evaluated 22 spring-type faba bean cultivars in the main areas for cultivation of faba bean in Norway to assess the variation of 14 faba bean traits due to cultivar (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G × E), and to assess their stability across environments by using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis and coefficient of variation (CV). Significant G, E, and G × E effects were found for most traits, with environment accounting for much of the variance in yield and the growing degree days (GDD) to different developmental stages. Yield was highly correlated with thousand kernel weight (TKW) and GDD to BBCH 89 (maturation). The stability of the cultivars was studied for yield, TKW, and GDD to BBCH 89. Stability analysis using the AMMI stability value, yield stability index, CV, and the average sum of ranks identified Birgit, Stella, Bobas, and Macho as the most stable high-yielding cultivars across environments, achieving a mean yield of 6–6.4 tons ha−1. Bobas, Macho, Stella, and Yukon had the most stable TKW (612–699 g) and Bobas, Capri, Trumpet, and Vertigo were the most stable regarding GDD to BBCH 89 (1257°C days, with a base temperature of 5°C). These stable cultivars can be utilized in breeding programs to achieve high and stable faba bean yield in the main growing areas of Norway and other Nordic-Baltic countries.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Steffen Adler Martha Ebbesvik Ingvild Evju Randi Berland Frøseth Kari Ljøkjel Anders Mahlum Melås Bjørn Inge Rostad Tommy Ruud Silja ValandSammendrag
Det er mangel på norskproduserte proteinråvarer med aminosyresammensetning som dekker behovet til enmaga dyr i økologisk husdyrhold. Kravet til minimum andel egenprodusert fôr økte fra 20 % til 30 % for svin og fjørfe med virkning fra 1.1.2023. Regelverket for økologisk landbruk definerer «egenprodusert fôr» som fôr dyrket i Norge eller nærliggende regioner i naboland, men det siste er ikke tema i denne rapporten. Målet med prosjektet Norskprodusert økologisk fôrprotein til svin (NØFF) var å fremskaffe og formidle kunnskap om norsk produksjon av økologisk fôr som vil bidra til å sikre proteinforsyningen i økologisk svinehold i henhold til nytt økologiregelverk. Tiltakene i prosjektet var å fremskaffe og formidle kunnskap om 1) dyrkningsteknikk på høstoljevekster, 2) protein fra kløvergraseng, 3) beregning av fôrrasjoner med høy andel norskproduserte råvarer, 4) lønnsomhet ved produksjon av økologisk proteinfôr til slaktesvin, og 5) utfordringer og mulighetsrom i verdikjeden ved tilpasning til nytt regelverk.
Sammendrag
Successful introduction of the new cultivars requires proper pomological, phenological and as well as technological evaluation. It is particularly important at the harsh Norwegian climate conditions. Investigations were conducted with apple cultivar ‘Eden‘ / ‘Wursixo‘ (WUR 6), with the aim to establish an optimal balance between yield, fruit quality and bearing regularity. Four different crop load levels were tested in 3 consecutive years in the orchard planted 3.5 x 1 m and trained as slender spindle. Lower crop load levels guaranteed good return bloom, a very high share of fruits harvested during the first picking, and larger fruits. Increasing crop load led to less intensive return bloom, smaller fruit sizes and higher share of fruits harvested during the second picking. It was found that ‘Eden‘ is strictly alternating cultivar and precise crop load levels according to the tree age and tree vigour were defined. In order to keep ‘Eden‘ trees in regular bearing mode crop load levels should be maintained at 4.5-5 fruits cm-2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) in the 3rd and 6-7 fruits in the 4th growing season
Forfattere
Charles D. Minsavage-Davis G. Matt Davies Siri Vatsø Haugum Pål Thorvaldsen Liv Guri Velle Vigdis VandvikSammendrag
Northern European heathlands and moorlands dominated by Calluna vulgaris are internationally recognized for their conservation importance while also supporting traditional, low-intensity agriculture and game hunting. Managed burning plays an important role in maintaining these ecosystems but climate and land-use changes, including planned or unplanned transitions to forest and woodland, are now resulting in concerns about increasing wildfire frequency, intensity and severity. In combination with rapidly-changing regulations surrounding managed burning, this has highlighted the need to understand current and potential future fuel structures to effectively model fire behaviour and develop evidence-based regulations surrounding managed burning. We developed standardized heathland fuel descriptions and modeled associated fire behaviour for heathlands in the UK (England, Scotland) and Norway. Utilizing existing fuel and biomass data, we used cluster analysis to identify five distinct fuel models and assessed how they were represented across C. vulgaris life-stages, geographic locations and EUNIS habitat-types. We validated their independence by examining predicted fire rates of spread based across three representative fire weather scenarios. Fire rates of spread differed between C. vulgaris life stages, regardless of EUNIS community or country. Mature stage and taller building stage fuels produced the highest fire rates of spread and early, shorter building and pioneer stage fuels produced the lowest. Moss and litter fuel loads proved to be important determinants of fire rate of spread in a high-risk fire weather scenario. An understanding of links between fuel types and potential fire behaviour can be used to inform management and policy decisions. To aid in this, we used classification tree analysis to link fuel types to easily-observable characteristics. This will facilitate pairing the fuel models with fire behaviour prediction software to make evidence-based assessments of management fire safety and wildfire risk.
Forfattere
Melinda D. Smith Kate D. Wilkins Martin C. Holdrege Peter Wilfahrt Scott L. Collins Alan K. Knapp Osvaldo E. Sala Jeffrey S. Dukes Richard P. Phillips Laura Yahdjian Laureano A. Gherardi Timothy Ohlert Claus Beier Lauchlan H. Fraser Anke Jentsch Michael E. Loik Fernando T. Maestre Sally A. Power Qiang Yu Andrew J. Felton Seth M. Munson Yiqi Luo Hamed Abdoli Mehdi Abedi Concepción L. Alados Juan Alberti Moshe Alon Hui An Brian Anacker Maggie Anderson Harald Auge Seton Bachle Khadijeh Bahalkeh Michael Bahn Amgaa Batbaatar Taryn Bauerle Karen H. Beard Kai Behn Ilka Beil Lucio Biancari Irmgard Blindow Viviana Florencia Bondaruk Elizabeth T. Borer Edward W. Bork Carlos Martin Bruschetti Kerry M. Byrne James F. Cahill Dianela A. Calvo Michele Carbognani Augusto Cardoni Cameron N. Carlyle Miguel Castillo-Garcia Scott X. Chang Jeff Chieppa Marcus V. Cianciaruso Ofer Cohen Amanda L. Cordeiro Daniela F. Cusack Sven Dahlke Pedro Daleo Carla M. D'Antonio Lee H. Dietterich Tim S. Doherty Maren Dubbert Anne Ebeling Nico Eisenhauer Felícia M. Fischer Tai G.W. Forte Tobias Gebauer Beatriz Gozalo Aaron C. Greenville Karlo G. Guidoni-Martins Heather J. Hannusch Siri Vatsø Haugum Yann Hautier Mariet Hefting Hugh A.L. Henry Daniela Hoss Oscar Iribarne Forest Isbell Yari Johnson Samuel Jordan Eugene F. Kelly Kaitlin Kimmel Juergen Kreyling György Kröel-Dulay Johannes Ingrisch Alicia Kröpfl Angelika Kübert Andrew Kulmatiski Eric G. Lamb Klaus Steenberg Larsen Julie Larson Cintia V. Leder Anja Linstädter Jielin Liu Shirong Liu Alexandra G. Lodge Grisel Longo Alejandro Loydi Junwei Luan Jason Lawson Frederick Curtis Lubbe Craig Macfarlane Kathleen Mackie-Haas Andrey V. Malyshev Adrián Maturano-Ruiz Thomas Merchant Daniel B. Metcalfe Akira S. Mori Edwin Mudongo Gregory S. Newman Uffe N. Nielsen Dale Nimmo Yujie Niu Paola Nobre Rory C. O'Connor Romà Ogaya Gastón R. Oñatibia Ildikó Orbán Brooke Osborne Rafael Otfinowski Meelis Pärtel Josep Penuelas Pablo L. Peri Guadalupe Peter Alessandro Petraglia Catherine Picon-Cochard Valério D. Pillar Juan Manuel Piñeiro-Guerra Laura W. Ploughe Robert M. Plowes Cristy Portales-Reyes Suzanne M. Prober Yolanda Pueyo Sasha C. Reed Euan G. Ritchie Dana Aylén Rodríguez William E. Rogers Christiane Roscher Ana M. Sánchez Bráulio A. Santos María Cecilia Scarfó Eric W. Seabloom Baoku Shi Lara Souza Andreas Stampfli Rachel J. Standish Marcelo Sternberg Wei Sun Marie Sünnemann Michelle Tedder Pål Thorvaldsen Dashuan Tian Katja Tielbörger Alejandro Valdecantos Liesbeth van den Brink Vigdis Vandvik Mathew R. Vankoughnett Liv Guri Velle Changhui Wang Yi Wang Glenda M. Wardle Christiane Werner Cunzheng Wei Georg Wiehl Jennifer L. Williams Amelia A. Wolf Michaela Zeiter Fawei Zhang Juntao Zhu Ning Zong Xiaoan ZuoSammendrag
Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.
Forfattere
Hiva Asadikia Seyed Habibollah Mosavi Tannaz Alizadeh Ashrafi Michael R. Reed Shraddha Hegde Hamed Najafi AlamdarloSammendrag
Energy and imported trout egg subsidies hold a pivotal role for Iranian trout farms. They aim to decrease production costs, yet their impact on the profit efficiency of farms remains dubious. The first objective of this paper is to assess how the current subsidy scheme affects the profit efficiency of hatchery and propagation trout farms in Mazandaran, Iran. We examine several subsidy reform scenarios to enhance profit efficiency as a second objective. Standard profit efficiency (SPE) is used to acquire the efficiency of the trout farms using data envelopment analysis. Results show that the majority of farms are inefficient and highly dependent on subsidies. Comparing farms with high efficiency against those with low efficiency as a third aim of research highlights the importance of farms holding a propagation license, engaging in vertical integration, achieving adult trout production surpassing 81 t, and maintaining a fish total feed consumption to trout production ratio below 0.74. Findings from reformation scenarios reveal 1) redirecting the current subsidy towards purchasing the extruder machines for fish feed production, 2) transferring funds to subsidize electricity based on the farm's electricity consumption, and 3) opting for the production of genetically modified eggs gives higher SPE. Reformation can also reduce the burden on public funds and dependency on importation.
Sammendrag
Ensiling of whole-crop biomass of barley before full maturity is common practice in regions with a short growing season. The developmental stage of barley at harvest can have a large impact on yield and nutritive composition. The relationships between crop growth, environmental conditions and crop management can be described in process-based simulation models. Some models, including the Basic Grassland (BASGRA) model, have been developed to simulate the yield and nutritive value of forage grasses, and usually evaluated against metrics of relevance for whole-crop silage. The objectives of this study were to: i) modify the BASGRA model to simulate whole-crop spring barley; ii) evaluate the performance of this model against empirical data on dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value attributes from field experiments, divided into geographical regions; and iii) evaluate DM yield, nutritive value and cutting date under current and future climate conditions for three locations in Sweden and four cutting regimes. Main model modifications included addition of a spike pool, equations for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) allocation to the spike pool and equations for C and N translocation from vegetative plant parts to spikes. Model calibration and validation against field trial data from Sweden, including samples harvested from late anthesis stage to hard dough stage that were either pooled or divided into regions, showed better prediction accuracy, evaluated as normalised root mean squared error (RMSE), of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (7.58–18.4%) than of DM yield (16.8–27.8%), crude protein (15.5–23.2%) or digestible organic matter in the DM (DOMD) (12.0–22.2%). Model prediction using weather data representing 1990–2020 and 2021–2040 climate conditions for three locations in Sweden (Skara, Umeå, Uppsala) showed lower DM yield, earlier harvest and slightly higher NDF concentration on average (across locations and developmental stage at cutting) when using near-future climate data rather than historical data. The model can be used to evaluate whole-crop barley performance under production conditions in Sweden or in other countries with similar climate, soils and crop management regimes.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag