Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Gudrun Schwilch Tatenda Lemann Örjan Berglund Carlo Camarotto Artemi Cerdà Ioannis N. Daliakopoulos Silvia Kohnová Dominika Krzeminska Teodoro Maranon René Rietra Grzegorz Siebielec Johann Thorsson Mark Tibbett Sandra Valente Hedwig van Delden Jan van den Akker Simone Verzandvoort Nicoleta Olimpia Vrînceanu Christos Zoumides Rudi HesselSammendrag
Only a few studies have quantified and measured ecosystem services (ES) specifically related to soil. To address this gap, we have developed and applied a methodology to assess changes in ecosystem services, based on measured or estimated soil property changes that were stimulated by soil management measures (e.g., mulching, terracing, no-till). We applied the ES assessment methodology in 16 case study sites across Europe representing a high diversity of soil threats and land use systems. Various prevention and remediation measures were trialled, and the changes in manageable soil and other natural capital properties were measured and quantified. An Excel tool facilitated data collection, calculation of changes in ecosystem services, and visualization of measured short-term changes and estimated long-term changes at plot level and for the wider area. With this methodology, we were able to successfully collect and compare data on the impact of land management on 15 different ecosystem services from 26 different measures. Overall, the results are positive in terms of the impacts of the trialled measures on ecosystem services, with 18 out of 26 measures having no decrease in any service at the plot level. Although methodological challenges remain, the ES assessment was shown to be a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of the trialled measures, and also served as an input to a stakeholder valuation of ecosystem services at local and sub-national levels.
Forfattere
Svetlana Pakhomova Evgeniy Yakushev Elizaveta Protsenko Sylvain Rigaud Daniel Cossa Joel Knoery Raoul-Marie Couture Olivier Radakovitch Shamil Yakubov Dominika Krzeminska Alice NewtonSammendrag
This study presents a specifically designed Mercury module in a coupled benthic-pelagic reactive-transport model - Bottom RedOx Model (BROM) that allows to study mercury (Hg) biogeochemistry under different conditions. This module considers the transformation of elemental mercury (Hg(0)), divalent mercury (Hg(II)) and methylmercury (MeHg). The behavior of mercury species in the model is interconnected with changes of oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, iron oxides, organic matter, and biota. We simulated the transformation and transport of Hg species in the water column and upper sediment layer under five different scenarios, combining various levels of oxygenation and trophic state in the Berre lagoon, a shallow eutrophic lagoon of the French Mediterranean coast subjected to seasonal anoxia. The first scenario represents the conditions in the lagoon that are compared with experimental data. The four other scenarios were produced by varying the biological productivity, using low and high nutrient (N and P) concentrations, and by varying the redox conditions using different intensity of vertical mixing in the water column. The results of the simulation show that both oxidized and reduced sediments can accumulate Hg, but any shifts in redox conditions in bottom water and upper sediment layer lead to the release of Hg species into the water column. Eutrophication and/or restricted vertical mixing lead to reducing conditions and intensify MeHg formation in the sediment with periodic release to the water column. Oxygenation of an anoxic water body can lead to the appearance of Hg species in the water column and uptake by organisms, whereby Hg may enter into the food web. The comparison of studied scenarios shows that a well-oxygenated eutrophic system favors the conditions for Hg species bioaccumulation with a potential adverse effect on the ecosystem. The research is relevant to the UN Minimata convention, EU policies on water, environmental quality standards and Mercury in particular.
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten presenterer resultatene fra overvåkingen av 5 elver og bekker i Hamar kommune i perioden 1. august 2017 til 1.mai 2018. Det ble tatt månedlige vannprøver som ble analysert for totalnitrogen (TN), totalfosfor (TP), suspendert stoff (SS), og termotelerante koliforme bakterier (TKB). Det ble gjort biologiske undersøkelser av bunndyr og begroingsalger. Termotolerante koliforme bakterier ble funnet i alle bekkene. Det høyeste antallet ble funnet i Finsalbekken, der halvparten av prøvene var over 1000 cfu/100 ml. Resultater: Finsalbekken sør: God biologiske tilstand, men høye fosforkonsentrasjoner. Ilseterbekken: Miljøtilstand med hensyn på bunndyr (ASPT), fosfor og begroing med PIT indeksen er god eller svært god. Ormseterbekken: God eller svært god miljøtilstand både med hensyn til fosfor og biologiske indekser. Tomterbekken: Moderat miljøtilstand med høye konsentrasjoner av fosfor og lav score i de biologiske indeksene (ASPT og PIT). Dalbybekken: Moderat total miljøtilstand men god tilstand i bunndyrsamfunnet.
Forfattere
Hallvard JensenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
In cold climate regions a significant fraction of annual soil erosion in agricultural land occurs during snowmelt and rain on partially frozen soils. Physically based and spatially distributed soil erosion models have proved to be good tools for understanding the processes occurring at catchment scale during rainfall erosion. However, most existing erosion models do not account for snow in a suitable way. A combination of the UEBGrid snow pack model and the LISEM erosion model was therefore used in this study. The aim was to test and validate this model combination and to assess its utility in relation to quantification and process understanding. Applying this model combination to simulate surface runoff and soil erosion showed that, in principle, it is possible to satisfactorily simulate surface runoff and observed soil erosion patterns during winter. The values for the calibration parameters were similar for the two chosen winter periods when the rainfall and snowmelt episodes occurred. However, the calibration procedure showed that the utility of this combination had several limitations. It is hoped that this study can help to improve existing models and trigger new developments in including snow pack dynamics and soil freezing and thawing in soil erosion models.
Sammendrag
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