Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Forfattere
Roger Roseth Johanna Skrutvold Yvonne Rognan Alexander Melvold Engebretsen Kristine Våge Ole Roer Ingar Aasestad Camilla GremmertsenSammendrag
Etter oppdrag fra Nye Veier AS har NIBIO med samarbeidspartnere laget et program for forundersøkelser i vassdrag og sjø for ny E18 Dørdal – Tvedestrand. Programmet omfatter forslag til 64 stasjoner og aktuelle undersøkelser. Det har blitt samlet inn informasjon om berørte vannforekomster, deriblant dagens tilstand, aktuelle forurensningskilder, naturverdier og nytteverdi. Programmet er diskutert og forankret hos Fylkemennene i Vestfold og Telemark og Agder, samt vannområdeledere for berørte vassdrag.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Det ble påvist glykol i bare to av vannprøvene fra Rovebekken i 2018, og da i lave konsentrasjoner. En episode med stort forbruk av baneavisingsmidler i januar ga noe utvasking av formiat mot Rovebekken, men det nye overvannssystemet synes å ha bidratt til en vesentlig reduksjon i mengden formiat som vaskes ut til Rovebekken. Ved fiskeundersøkelsen ble det ikke påvist ørretunger på den øvre stasjonen, rett nedstrøms flyplassen. Dette har mest sannsynlig sammenheng med dårlige oppvekstforhold som følge av tørkesommeren 2018. Oppsummert viste overvåkingen gjennom 2018 at det har vært tilfredsstillende vannkvalitet i Rovebekken, med få påvisninger av glykol og formiat og god oksygenstatus...
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Perrine Marguerite Fernandez Esther Bloem Andrew Binley Romain S.B.A. Philippe Helen FrenchSammendrag
Assessing redox conditions in soil and groundwater is challenging because redox reactions are oxygen sensitive, hence, destructive sampling methods may provide contact with air and influence the redox state. Furthermore, commonly used redox potential sensors provide only point measurements and are prone to error. This paper assesses whether combining electrical resistivity (ER) and self-potential (SP) measurements can allow the mapping of zones affected by anaerobic degradation. We use ER imaging because anaerobic degradation can release iron and manganese ions, which decreases pore water resistivity, and produces gas, which increases resistivity. Also, electrochemical differences between anaerobic and aerobic zones may create an electron flow, forming a self-potential anomaly. In this laboratory study, with four sand tanks with constant water table heights, time-lapse ER and SP mapped changes in electrical/electron flow properties due to organic contaminant (propylene glycol) degradation. Sampled pore water mapped degradation and water chemistry. When iron and manganese oxides were available, degradation reduced resistivity, because of cation release in pore water. When iron and manganese oxides were unavailable, resistivity increased, plausibly from methane production, which reduced water saturation. To bypass the reactions producing methane and release of metallic cations, a metal pipe was installed in the sand tanks between anaerobic and aerobic zones. The degradation creates an electron surplus at the anaerobic degradation site. The metal pipe allowed electron flow from the anaerobic degradation site to the oxygen-rich near surface. The electrical current sent through the metal pipe formed an SP anomaly observable on the surface of the sand tank. Time-lapse ER demonstrates potential for mapping degradation zones under anaerobic conditions. When an electrical conductor bridges the anaerobic zone with the near surface, the electron flow causes an SP anomaly on the surface. However, electrochemical differences between anaerobic and aerobic zones alone produced no SP signal. Despite their limitations, ER and SP are promising tools for monitoring redox sensitive conditions in unsaturated sandy soils but should not be used in isolation.
Forfattere
Christophe Moni Hanna Marika Silvennoinen Bruce A. Kimball Erling Fjelldal Marius Brenden Ingunn Burud Andreas Svarstad Flø Daniel RasseSammendrag
Background: Global warming is going to affect both agricultural production and carbon storage in soil worldwide. Given the complexity of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, in situ experiments of climate warming are necessary to predict responses of plants and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from soils. Arrays of infrared (IR) heaters have been successfully applied in temperate and tropical agro-ecosystems to produce uniform and large increases in canopy surface temperature across research plots. Because this method had not yet been tested in the Arctic where consequences of global warming on GHG emission are expected to be largest, the objective of this work was to test hexagonal arrays of IR heaters to simulate a homogenous 3 °C warming of the surface, i.e. canopy and visible bare soil, of five 10.5-m2 plots in an Arctic meadow of northern Norway. Results: Our results show that the IR warming setup was able to simulate quite accurately the target + 3 °C, thereby enabling us to simulate the extension of the growing season. Meadow yield increased under warming but only through the lengthening of the growing season. Our research also suggests that, when investigating agricultural systems on the Arctic, it is important to start the warming after the vegetation is established,. Indeed, differential emergence of meadow plants impaired the homogeneity of the warming with patches of bare soil being up to 9.5 °C warmer than patches of vegetation. This created a pattern of soil crusting, which further induced spatial heterogeneity of the vegetation. However, in the Arctic these conditions are rather rare as the soil exposed by snow melt is often covered by a layer of senescent vegetation which shelters the soil from direct radiation. Conclusions: Consistent continuous warming can be obtained on average with IR systems in an Arctic meadow, but homogenous spatial distribution requires that the warming must start after canopy closure.
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten er skrevet på oppdrag fra Fredrikstad kommune i forbindelse med prosjektet «Kildesporing av fekal vannforurensning: Fekal kildesporing i vannprøvene analysert for Fredrikstad kommune i 2019». Formålet med prosjektet var primært å benytte molekylærbiologiske metoder for sporing av fekale forurensningskilder i Vispen badeplass og noen bekker rundt Hunnebunn.
Forfattere
Alexander Kopatz Oddmund Kleven Jonas Kindberg Ilpo Kojola Jouni Aspi Göran Spong Niclas Gyllenstrand Love Dalén Ida Marie Luna Fløystad Snorre Hagen Øystein FlagstadSammendrag
Background The populations of brown bear (Ursus arctos) in northern Europe have been recovering or are in the process of recovery from a severe demographic bottleneck. Especially in the main popula- tions of Scandinavia and Finland, the number of individuals has been increasing substantially, compared to the population sizes estimated 20 years ago. Also, the populations have spatially expanded, putatively restoring connectivity and gene flow between these two, formerly separated populations. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket) assigned a pro- ject to assess the connectivity and gene flow between the eastern and western parts of Fen- noscandia, Finland and Scandinavia. Objective Our objective was to detect possible immigration of brown bears from eastern Fennoscandia, specifically Finland, into Scandinavia. Material and Methods For the first time with continuous sampling of brown bears, we assessed the population genetic structure and gene flow between the brown bear populations of Scandinavia and Finland. We based our analyses on the dispersing sex, male brown bears, as females tend to be philopatric. Our target area was the county of Norrbotten in northern Sweden, at the border to Finland and Norway, representing the most likely area for potential eastern immigrants into Sweden. Previous research did not reveal any influx from Finland into Sweden. However, brown bear samples from Norrbotten have to a very limited degree been included in earlier studies on genetic connectivity in the area. In addition to a large number of samples from Norrbotten and northern Finland, we included genotypes sampled in regions surrounding the target area: Västerbotten in Sweden, Troms and Finnmark in Norway and southern Finland. We utilized all samples and genotypes from male bears available, and, also, genotyped recently collected samples of male brown bears from the study area. Analyses on population genetic structure and gene flow among regions were based on 924 individual male brown bear STR-genotypes (12 short tandem repeats or microsatellite markers). In order to reveal patterns of male dispersal and the distribution of male linages we used brown bear samples genotyped with nine Y-chromosomal STRs from 826 males. KEY WORDS : connectivity, european brown bear, Fennoscandia, Finland, male gene flow, migration, population genetic structure, Scandinavia, Ursus arctos NØKKELORD : europeisk brunbjørn, Fennoskandia, Finland, genflyt, konnektivitet, migrasjon, populasjons genetisk struktur, Skandinavia, Ursus arctos