Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Forfattere
Kanan K. Saikai Celestine Oduori Evans Situma Simon Njoroge Ruth Murunde John W. Kimenju Douglas W. Miano Solveig Haukeland Danny CoyneSammendrag
Coffee is an important commodity for Kenya, where production is steadily declining, despite a global rise in demand. Of the various constraints affecting production, plant-parasitic nematodes are a significant, but often overlooked, threat. As a perennial crop, treating plantations once infected with nematodes becomes difficult. The current study evaluated the drenching application of two biocontrol agents, Trichoderma asperellum and Purpureocillium lilacinum, for their nematode control efficacy, as well as their impact on the soil nematode community structure on mature, established coffee trees in Kenya. Seven Arabica coffee field trials were conducted over two years on trees of various ages. All the fields were heavily infested with Meloidogyne hapla, the first report of the species on coffee in Kenya. Both fungal biocontrol agents were detected endophytically infecting roots and recovered from soil but not until six months after initial applications. The population densities of M. hapla had significantly declined in roots of treated trees 12 months after the initial application, although soil nematode density data were similar across treatments. Based upon the maturity index and the Shannon index, treatment with T. asperellum led to improved soil health conditions and enrichment of diversity in the microbial community. Application of P. lilacinum, in particular, led to an increased abundance of fungivorous nematodes, especially Aphelenchus spp., for which P. lilacinum would appear to be a preferred food source. The soils in the trials were all stressed and denuded, however, which likely delayed the impact of such treatments or detection of any differences between treatments using indices, such as the functional metabolic footprint, over the period of study. A longer period of study would therefore likely provide a better indication of treatment benefits. The current study positively demonstrates, however, the potential for using biologically based options for the environmentally and climate-smart management of nematode threats in a sustainable manner on established, mature coffee plantations.
Forfattere
Arne Sæbø Hans Martin Hanslin Bart Muys David W. Shanafelt Tommaso Sitzia Roberto TognettiSammendrag
The BioCities concept builds on the integration of natural and human processes in urban design, with natural biotic and abiotic factors and processes integrated with the development of constructed features to provide for human well-being.
Forfattere
Margaret Nyaboke Nyang'au Komivi S. Akutse Khamis Fathiya Miriam Karwitha Charimbu Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCN) (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida Woll.) are quarantine pests of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) worldwide capable of causing significant yield loss and difficult to manage with conventional methods. The study explored the diversity of antagonistic fungi associated with PCN obtained from soil samples collected in Nyandarua and Nakuru Counties in Kenya and their effect on PCN egg viability and hatching was also evaluated. Twelve fungal isolates from five genera were isolated and characterized using morphological and molecular techniques. The twelve isolates were Trichoderma asperellum (4), T. hamatum, T. breve, T. atrobruneum, Amanita basiorubra, Setophoma terrestris (2), Penicillium chrysogenum and Clonostachys rosea. The most abundant isolate was Trichoderma spp. with 58 % occurrence. The effect of seven of the isolates on PCN eggs showed that T. breve and P. chrysogenum reduced egg viability by 41 % and 34 %, respectively while T. asperellum and T. breve reduced their hatching by 50 % on average. Trichoderma atrobrunneum, T. hamatum, and A. basiorubra also reduced the PCN egg viability by 27 % on average. These fungal isolates could provide a potential tool for PCN management in potato production systems for improved yields. However, further studies are warranted to validate these findings under greenhouse and field conditions. A more comprehensive bioprospecting survey for PCN associated antagonistic fungi needs to be extended to other potato growing regions to explore further cyst pathogens.
Forfattere
Gunnhild SøgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Adam O'TooleSammendrag
Metan er en kraftig klimagass, og den største klimagassutslippsposten for norsk landbruk. Tekniske tiltak kan igangsettes for reduksjon av metanutslipp fra lagret husdyrgjødsel. I dette forsøket testet vi ulike oppsett med biokull som et flytedekkemateriale for reduksjon av metan fra grisemøkk over en 75-dagers periode sommeren 2022. Biokull reduserte metanutslippet signifikant med 28%, men kun når det var holdt kunstig flytende på overflaten ved hjelp av en flytende membran. Metanutslipp ved bruk av biokull som var tilsatt uten hjelp fra flytemembran var ikke annerledes fra metanutslipp ved bruk av grisemøkk uten biokull. Metanutslipp var positivt korrelert med møkkas temperatur, men tilsetning av biokull ga en svakere positiv korrelasjon med temperatur sammenlignet med grisemøkk uten biokull. Forsøket gir motivasjon for videre forsøk på større skala hvor biokull kan brukes som metanbiofilter og senere blandes med møkk før det tilsettes til jorda.
Forfattere
Lars Olav BrandsæterSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Line JohansenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag