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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2012

Sammendrag

Stormen Dagmar som rammet Sør-Norge i romjula blåste ned mye skog. Dersom de vindfelte trærne blir liggende i skogen gjennom sommeren er det stor fare for at barkbillene vil oppformere seg i vindfallet. I granskog kan dette føre til omfattende angrep på den skogen som i dag er frisk.

Sammendrag

Grantrær og barkbiller har slåss i millioner av år. Kunnskap om granas forsvar kan gjøre det mulig å redusere barkbilleskader gjennom planteforedling og skogskjøtsel. Ny forskning viser at grantrær kan unngå å bli drept av barkbiller hvis de er raske til å produsere mye kvae.

Sammendrag

Ceratocystis polonica and Heterobasidion parviporum are important fungal pathogens in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Tree susceptibility to these pathogens with respect to phenology was studied using artificial fungal inoculations at six stages of bud development, and assessed by measuring phloem necroses in the stems of 2- and 8-year-old trees. Tree capacity for resistance was assessed by measuring phloem nonstructural carbohydrates at each stage. Phloem necroses were significantly larger in trees with fungal versus control inoculations and increased significantly over time. Changes in nonstructural carbohydrates occurred in the trees; a significant decline in starch and a slight but significant increase in total sugars occurred over time. These results suggest that susceptibility to fungal pathogens and carbohydrate levels in the stems of the trees were related to fine-scale changes in bud development. A trade-off may occur between allocation of starch (the major fraction of the stem carbohydrate pool) to bud development/shoot growth versus defence of the stem. Previous tests of plant defence hypotheses have focused on herbivory on plants growing under different environmental conditions, but the role of phenology and the effect of pathogens are also important to consider in understanding plant resource allocation patterns.

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Sammendrag

Tidlig på våren i 2012 ble det observert døde og døende trær av gråor i vannkanten langs Årungen i Ås kommune (Akershus). På stammene var det tjærefargede flekker, et symptom som gjerne forbindes med angrep av plantepa¬togene arter innen slekten Phytophthora. Fram til 1990-tallet var det ikke kjent at Phytophthora kunne angripe or, men i 1993 ble dette oppdaget i England, hvor tusenvis av oretrær har blitt ødelagt av denne sjukdomsorganismen. Det er en egen art, Phytophthora alni, som angriper or. Den er senere funnet i mange europeiske land og i Nord-Amerika. I august 2012 påviste vi P. alni for første gang i Norge på prøver fra gråor ved Årungen.

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Sammendrag

Purpose: Drought-induced tree susceptibility is a major risk associated with climate change. Here we report how an 11-week drought affected tracheid structure, gene expression, and above- and belowground growth in 5-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) under controlled conditions. Results: The canopy of trees subjected to severe drought had significantly less current-year needle biomass, and fewer tracheids and tracheid rows in current-year shoots compared to fully watered control trees. Belowground tissues were more strongly affected by drought than aboveground tissues. In fine roots (<2 mm diameter) severe drought significantly reduced root biomass, root diameter, root length density and root surface area per soil volume compared to the control. Tracheid diameter and hydraulic conductivity in fine roots were significantly lower and tracheid flatness higher in trees subjected to severe drought than in control trees, both for long and short roots. Transcripts of the drought-related dehydrins PaDhn1 and PaDhn6 were strongly upregulated in stem bark and current-year needles in response to drought, whereas PaDhn4.5 was down-regulated. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that drought reduces biomass and hydraulic conductivity in fine roots and needles. We suggest that the ratio between PaDhn6 and PaDhn4.5 may be a sensitive marker of drought stress in Norway spruce.