Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Forfattere
Paul W. Barnes T.M. Robson R.G. Zepp J.F. Bornman M.A.K. Jansen R. Ossola Q.-W. Wang S.A. Robinson Bente Føreid A.R. Klekociuk J. Martinez-Abaigar W.-C. Hou R. MacKenzie N.D. PaulSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tatsiana EspevigSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The treatment of organic waste (OW) by anaerobic digestion (AD) conforms to the concept of sustainable development. But AD is facing the issue of low conversion rate. In this work, the photo-AD system using visible light (LED lamp) as the source was constructed and the performances and mechanism of N-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQD) were explored in the system for the first time. The results showed that 0.5 g/L NCQD promoted a 23.1 % increase in cumulative CH4 yield in the photo-AD system. Microbial analysis results showed that in photo-AD with NCQD, the dominant strain was Methanosarciniales, with an abundance of 69.0 %. Microbial activity and structural integrity tests showed that the microorganisms were not damaged by free radicals. In addition, NCQD increased the redox peak intensity of the CV curve and increased photocurrent intensity of photo-AD. Furthermore, it promoted an increase of 18.2 % (0.26 ± 0.03 μmol/mL) in ATP concentration. The photoelectrochemical analysis and quantitative analysis of functional genes results indicated that NCQD mainly promoted methanogenesis by providing photoelectrons. This promotion mechanism increased the copynumber (61,652.8 g−1) of EchA in photo-AD, rather than Vht and Hdr related to cytochrome. This work provided new strategies for the enhancement of AD and clarified potential mechanisms.
Forfattere
Tore Krogstad Valentina Zivanovic Aleksandar Simic Milica Fotiric Aksic Vlado Licina Mekjell MelandSammendrag
The mineralization of nitrogen in apple orchard soil will increase the soil supply. An incubation study to test the soil potential and the validity of analytical methods was conducted at 3, 8, 15, and 20 °C for up to 128 days on soils from western and south-eastern Norway. Soils with the highest pH showed the highest mineralization. The mineralization increased with increasing temperature and time, but start-up N reduced mineralization. The mineralization cannot be estimated from standard soil chemical parameters because the different C/N ratio indicates organic material of different origin and quality. The increase in NO3-N started very quickly and ranged from 17 to 182% and 12 to 64% after 8 days at 3 °C and 20 °C, respectively. There was no correlation between total N in the soil and the amount of mineralized N. On average, the mineralization increased by 5–7% for a change of 1 °C in the interval from 8 to 15 °C in the soil. The chemical extraction method using heated KCl correlated well with the mineralization data. On average, the chemical method estimated 30 kg N ha−1, which corresponded to 0.48% of total N. Recommendations for N fertilization based on total N in the soil overestimate the contribution of plant-available N in most cases.
Forfattere
Karin Juul Hesselsøe Anne Friederike Borchert Trygve S. Aamlid Bjarni Hannesson Per Rasmussen Karin Normann Tatsiana Espevig Michelle DaCosta Eric Watkins Andrew Hollman Jørgen Hornslien Trond Olav Pettersen Pia Heltoft ThomsenSammendrag
The objective of SCANGREEN 2019-22 was to find species, varieties and seed blends/mixtures of Agrostis, Festuca, Poa and Lolium that are suited for pesticide-free management of putting greens in the two major climatic zones of the Nordic countries and in the northern USA. The four test sites in the Nordic countries were Reykjavik GC, Iceland and NIBIO Apelsvoll in the the northern zone, and NIBIO Landvik, Norway and Smørum GC, Denmark in the southern zone. The two US test sites were located at Troll Turfgrass Research Facility in Massachusetts and at University of Minnesota. The trials included 30 candidate varieties representing eight different species and subspecies from 13 different seed companies/representatives, and three seed mixtures of red fescue and colonial and creeping bentgrass, a seed mixture of creeping bentgrass and perennial ryegrass and a seed blend of red fescue. Monthly evaluations of overall impression, tiller density, winter hardiness, disease and weed coverage etc., were done from three weeks after sowing in June-September 2019 until October 2022. The trial at Smørum GC was established in May 2021. The trials were established according to a split-plot design with three blocks (replicates), species on main plots and varieties on subplots. The experimental greens were mown three times per week – Monday, Wednesday, and Friday and deficit-irrigated to 80% of field capacity three to four times per week in periods without sufficient natural rainfall. Fertilizer (mean N–P–K ratio, 100–22–74) was given as completely balanced compound fertilizers every second week. Each experimental green was divided in different management levels: High and low fertilizer rate and high and low mowing. The two fertilizer rates were 10 and 17 g N m−2 yr−1 and the two mowing heights were 3 and 5 mm. Mixtures were managed at both regimes. There was no use of pesticides or plant growth regulators in any of the trials.
Forfattere
Britt Puidet Romain Mabon Michele Guibert Riinu Kiiker Kaire Loit Vinh Hong Le Håvard Eikemo Pauline Dewaegeneire Guillaume Saubeau Catherine Chatot Frédérique Aurousseau David E. L. Cooke Alison K. Lees Isaac K. Abuley Jens G. Hansen Roselyne Corbière Melen Leclerc Neda Najdabbasi Didier AndrivonSammendrag
Since the mid-2010s, Phytophthora infestans clones that have been dominant in Western Europe from the beginning of the 21st century, for example, EU_13_A2, EU_6_A1 and EU_1_A1, are being replaced by several other emerging clones, including EU_37_A2. The objective of this study was to determine whether the main drivers for the success of EU_37_A2 in Western Europe are associated with decreased fungicide sensitivity, increased virulence and/or aggressiveness. Axenic P. infestans cultures were sampled in the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons from potato crops in France and the United Kingdom. Amongst these, four genotypes were identified: EU_37_A2, EU_13_A2, EU_1_A1 and EU_6_A1. Although a wide range of fluazinam sensitivity was found amongst individual isolates, clonal lines EU_13_A2 and EU_37_A2 showed decreased sensitivity to fluazinam. EU_37_A2 overcame the R5 differential cultivar more often than isolates of EU_1_A1 or EU_6_A1. However, this does not explain the competitive advantage of EU_37_A2 over the virulent EU_13_A2. The fittest genotype, as measured by aggressiveness under controlled conditions, was EU_6_A1, followed by EU_37_A2, EU_13_A2 and then EU_1_A1. EU_37_A2 isolates also showed a shorter latent period than either EU_6_A1 or EU_13_A2, which could favour its long-term persistence. Overall, the data suggest that the emergence of EU_37_A2 in Western Europe was driven by its resistance to a then-major fungicide and shorter generation time. This conclusion is further supported by the fact that EU_37_A2 emergence was slowed by the progressive reduction in the use of fluazinam as a single active ingredient in the years following its initial detection.
Forfattere
Bjarne Bjerg Peter Demeyer Julien Hoyaux Mislav Didara Juha Grönroos Melynda Hassouna Barbara Amon Thomas Bartzanas Renáta Sándor Micheal Fogarty Sivan Klas Stefano Schiavon Violeta Juskiene Miroslav Kjosevski George Attard André Aarnink Vibeke Lind Tadeusz Kuczynski David Fangueiro Monica Paula Marin Stefan Mihina Jože Verbič Salvador Calvet Knut-Håkan Jeppsson Harald Menzi Özge Sizmaz Tomas Norton Biljana Rogic Stepan Nosek Olga Frolova Günther Schauberger Nigel PenlingtonSammendrag
This chapter gathers information about the current legal requirements related to the emission of ammonia from animal housing in 24 out of the 27 EU countries and in 7 non-EU countries. Overall, the chapter shows that most of the included countries have established substantial procedures to limit ammonia emission and practically no procedures to limit greenhouse gas emission. The review can also be seen as an introduction to the substantial initiatives and decisions taken by the EU in relation to ammonia emission from animal housing, and as a notification on the absence of corresponding initiatives and decisions in relation to greenhouse gases. An EU directive on industrial emissions from 2010 and an implementation decision from 2017 are the main general instruments to reduce ammonia emission from animal housing in the EU. These treaties put limits to ammonia emissions from installations with more than 2000 places for fattening pigs, with more than 750 places for sows, and with more than 40,000 places for poultry. As an example, the upper general limit for fattening pigs is 2.6 kg ammonia per animal place per year. This chapter indicates that the important animal producing countries in the EU as well as United Kingdom have implemented the EU requirements and that a few countries including the Flemish part of Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Slovakia, and Spain have introduced even stricter requirements.
Sammendrag
Lignosulphonates are water-soluble polymeric by-products from wood pulp production using sulphite pulping and can be used as soil amendments in agriculture, amongst other uses. Here, we review effects of lignosulphonates as biostimulants and in enhancing the action of fertilizers. In soils, they affect the nitrogen and phosphorous cycles, as well as acting as transporters of micronutrients. The action of tree-associated fungi can be improved, and plant growth and yield can be increased. The beneficial effects of lignosulphonates in agriculture mean that there is likely to be a market for commercial specialty lignosulphonate products.
Forfattere
Marianne Stenrød Kathinka Lang Marit Almvik Roger Holten Agnethe Christiansen Xingang Liu Qiu JingSammendrag
To ensure compliance with food safety regulations, monitoring programs and reliable analytical methods to detect relevant chemical pollutants in food and the environment are key instruments. Pesticides are an important part of pest management in agriculture to sustain and increase crop yields and control post-harvest decay, while pesticide residues in food may pose a risk to human health. Thus, the levels of pesticide residues in food must be controlled and should align with Maximum Residue Levels regulations to ensure food safety. Food safety monitoring programs and analytical methods for pesticide residues and metabolites are well developed. Future developments to ensure food safety must include the increased awareness and improved regulatory framework to meet the challenges with natural toxins, emerging contaminants, novel biopesticides, and antimicrobial resistance in food and the environment. The reality of a complex mixture of pollutants, natural toxins, and their metabolites potentially occurring in food and the environment implies the necessity to consider combined effects of chemicals in risk assessment. Here, we present challenges, monitoring efforts, and future perspectives for chemical food safety focused on the importance of current developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) technologies to meet the needs in food safety and environmental monitoring.
Sammendrag
With the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic globally and the energy as well as environmental crises we are facing, achievement of the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs), including SDG2, zero hunger, by 2030, has become very challenging. Sustainable food production and supply is a daunting task requiring the international community to work together to improve agricultural productivity with minimum climate and environmental footprint. Through the support of the Norwegian government’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the Sinograin I and Sinograin II projects, Norwegian and Chinese partners have established successful collaboration on food security and sustainable agricultural development. The important results achieved and the experience obtained are shared in this book describing the technologies in-depth and the lessons learnt in detail. Readers are provided with insight into the decade-long fruitful collaboration on agriculture between Norway and China, the similarities and differences in Chinese and Norwegian agriculture, the outcomes of technology implementation in selected regions in China, the benefits of good extension services to farmers in Norway and China, as well as future directions for further collaboration and development of agricultural technologies. This book aims to provide valuable information to all stakeholder groups from policy-makers, to the agro-technology industry, to farmers.