Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Lars Tørres Havstad Per Ove LindemarkSammendrag
I frøeng av engsvingel hvor det er en del soppangrep tilsier erfaringene fra årets og tidligere års forsøk at soppsprøyting vil være lønnsomt. Beste tidspunkt for sprøyting vil avhenge av værforholda i vekstsesongen. I 2010 var det fuktigere vær, og dermed bedre vilkår for soppsjukdommer, i siste enn i første halvdel av vekstsesongen. I et felt i østfold var de fuktige værforholda trolig årsak til at sein sprøyting ved begynnende blomstring (Z 60) gav bedre beskyttelse og høyere frøavling enn ruter som var sprøytet tidligere i vekstsesongen (Z 31). Ved å sprøyte enga to ganger, både ved Z 31 og Z 50-60, tar en høyde for mulige soppangrep både tidlig og seint i vekstsesongen og får dermed en lengre beskyttelsesperiode. I middel av alle tre felt med engsvingel i 2009-10, ble de høyeste frøavlingene og best lønnsomhet oppnådd på ruter som var sprøytet med 75 ml Stereo både ved Z 31 og Z 50-60. Denne bekjempingsstrategien førte til at frøavlingen økte med 15 % sammenlignet med usprøyta ruter.
Sammendrag
A national land resource map of mountain areas has been compiled using Landsat satellite images combined with auxiliary information. The map uses only five broad classes assumed to be associated with vegetation cover and productivity and labelled accordingly. Mapping was carried out using a two-step segmentation and classification of satellite images followed by manual correction of the results. The resulting dataset (AR-FJELL) is not published as a separate product, but is used to complete a number of other land resource databases, ensuring that these products have complete national coverage.
Sammendrag
In 2005 an extensive test program including field tests was set up in order to obtain more data on the durability and long term performance of modified wood and semi-durable wood species. One of the main challenges for modified wood is to predict accurate service life time in UC3 (Use use class 3, above ground) and UC4 (use class 4, in soil or fresh water contact). So far, data from in-service conditions are rare, while several studies have evaluated the durability in lab or field test exposure. However, there is still a lack of studies comparing replicate modified wood products in both field and lab exposure. This study evaluates the efficacy of modified wood in AWPA E10, three different types of soil in lab (ENV 807), three test fields in-ground (EN 252) and two close to ground (horizontal double layer test) set-ups at two test sites. The test material includes furfurylated, acetylated and thermally modified wood in addition to reference treated and control samples. In laboratory, both furfurylated, acetylated and thermally modified pine (212ºC) performed well. The modified wood samples performed at the same level, or better, than the reference CC and CCA preservatives in retentions for UC4 applications. In the horizontal double layer test, five years is still too short time to be able to draw firm conclusions. However, in the most accelerated HDL set-up, all controls have failed or are moderately to severely decayed whereas most preservative treated, furfurylated and acetylated wood are sound or only slightly decayed. After 5 years of testing CCA-preserved wood performs better in-ground in field tests than in lab tests, whereas modified wood generally performs slightly poorer. Just like in the lab tests, however, acetylated wood performs equal to CCA-preserved wood in UC4. Furfurylated wood performs equal to or better than UC3 level preservative treated wood. Thermally modified wood actually performs much poorer than all preservative treated wood references. Finally, natural durability classification of the same treatment in different lab and field tests was surprisingly similar.
Sammendrag
1. In the face of a rapidly changing environment, long-term studies provide important insights into patterns of vegetation and processes of change, but long-term studies are rare for many ecosystems.2. We studied recent vegetation changes at a fine scale in a Sphagnum-dominated bog in south Sweden by resurveying part of the bog 54 years after the original phytosociological survey. We used an indirect approach to identify changes in vegetation composition in relation to environment because of a lack of permanent sampling units. By applying a weighted averaging technique, we calculated relative changes in species optimum values for different environmental gradients as represented by indicator values for light, temperature, pH, moisture and nutrients.3. Species composition of the mire vegetation has changed significantly over the past five decades, as indicated by significant changes in species frequencies and species optima for the gradients examined. Species with lower indicator values for moisture and light and higher indicator values for nutrients have become more frequent on the mire. In particular, species of trees and dwarf shrubs increased in frequency, whereas typical mire species decreased (e.g. Trichophorum cespitosum (L.) Hartm.) or disappeared fromthe study site (e.g. Scheuchzeria palustris L.).4. Synthesis. Composition of the mire vegetation is found to be dynamic at different temporal and spatial scales. Increased air temperature and nutrient availability in south Sweden over the past few decades may have augmented productivity (e.g. tree growth), resulting in drier and shadier conditions for several species. This study successfully demonstrated the applicability of an indirect approach for detecting long-term vegetation change at a fine scale. This approach is an effective way of using historic and modern phytosociological data sets to detect vegetation and environmental change through time.
Sammendrag
The Norwegian landscape is changing as a result of forest regeneration within the cultural landscape, and forest expansion has impacts on accessibility, visibility, and landscape aesthetics, thereby affecting the country's tourism industry. This study aimed at identifying the potential areas of forest regeneration and anticipated subsequent landscape effects on different categories of tourist locations in southern Norway. Deforested areas with a potential for forest regeneration were identified from several map sources by GIS-analyses, and 180 tourist locations were randomly selected from the Norwegian national tourism database (Reiselivsbasen), and then buffered by 2 km radius for land cover classes. The findings revealed that approximately 15% of southern Norway has the climatic potential for future forest regeneration, in addition to 5% of cultivated land. Future forest regeneration will affect the landscapes surrounding the tourist locations of rural south Norway, and while the potential is nationwide, it is not uniformly distributed. Two important tourist landscape regions seem especially exposed to forest regeneration: the coastal heath region and the mountain landscapes. Large parts of these areas do not have sufficient numbers of domestic grazing animals necessary to maintain the present character of the landscape.
Sammendrag
This paper focuses on the improvement of a combined impregnation process (CIP, also known as the Royal process). This treatment combines the protective properties of a wood protection agent and the hydrophobic properties of a subsequent oil treatment in a wood product. Copper-based wood preservatives, which are traditionally used in CIP, are very effective but their long-term future use is questionable because of environmental concerns, especially the toxicity against water-living organisms. There is a need for new environmentally friendly wood preservative systems for a use in CIP. The substitutes for copper used in this study are natural polymers and organic biocides. The aim of this research is to describe the fixation effectiveness of the following compounds: Chitosan, Propiconazole, Wolmanit CX-8, Tannin, fire protection agent, Alginate. The scots pine sapwood samples (50´25´15) mm were impregnated and oil treated. The treated products were analysed for their preservative-and oil-retention. Preservative fixation time influence on oil treatment was tested. The treated samples were leached according to EN84. Water samples were analyzed for the amount of active ingredient.
Forfattere
Iben M. Thomsen Venche Talgø Erling Fløistad Kari Ørstad Trude L. Slørstad Arne StensvandSammendrag
En alvorlig svampesygdom hærger buksbom i store dele af Europa. Sygdommen er også konstateret i Danmark og kan give store problemer i pyntegrønt bevoksninger af buksbom, samt få betydning for afsætning af klippegrønt.
Forfattere
Jørgen Mølmann Anne Linn Hykkerud Steindal Tor J. Johansen Gunnar BengtssonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lars Sekse U. Wermund R. Vidrih M. Simcic Eivind VangdalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag