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NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2014

Sammendrag

Group housing of horses is not very widespread, despite obvious advantages for their development and mental well-being. One often expressed rationale for this is that horse owners are worried about the risk of injuries due to kicks, bites or being chased into obstacles. To address this concern, we developed and validated a scoring system for external injuries in horses to be able to record the severity of a lesion in a standardized and simple way under field conditions. The scoring system has five categories from insignificant loss of hair to severe, life threatening injuries. It was used to categorize 1124 injuries in 478 horses. Most of these horses were allocated to groups to study the effect of group composition (i.e. same age or mixed, same gender or mixed, socially stable or unstable groups) on behaviour and injuries. The material included mainly riding and leisure purpose horses of different breeds, age and gender. Most injuries occurred the day after mixing. Injuries of the more severe categories 4 and 5, which normally would necessitate veterinary care and/or loss of function for some time, were not observed at all. The vast majority of the recorded injuries were category 1 lesions (hair loss only). A few such injuries were found on most horses, some horses had none, and a few had many. The second most common injury type was category two (abration/scrape into, but not through the skin, and/or a moderate bruise/contusion). Category 3 injuries (a minor laceration and/or contusion with obvious swelling) were only recorded in a baseline subset of 100 riding horses, there comprising 4% of the injuries. Whereas most of the injuries were found on the body, the category 3 injuries were mainly found on the limbs and head. The reason for this is probably that the skin there is tight and thus is more easily lacerated. Icelandic horses tended to have fewer and less severe injuries compared to other breeds. There was also a breed effect on location of the injuries. We conclude that the risk for serious injuries when horses are kept in groups is generally low and fear of injuries should not be a reason to prevent horses from social interaction with other horses. However, we emphasize that most of the recordings were performed during the summer period, and many horses were unshod. The situation might have been different in winter, and special caution should be taken if mixing horses shod with ice studs.

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Sammendrag

Gjennom 2013 ble det brukt 95 tonn glykol (100 %) til flyavising ved Sandefjord lufthavn Torp. Dette var litt høyere enn for 2012 da det ble brukt 90 tonn, men vesentlig lavere enn i 2010 da det ble brukt 146 tonn. I toppåret 2006 ble det brukt hele 254 tonn glykol. For baneavisingsmiddel var forbruket på 36 tonn formiat. Dette var høyere enn for 2012 da det ble brukt 18 tonn. Til sammenligning ble det brukt 35 tonn formiat i 2011 og 56 tonn i 2010. Baneavisingsmidlene ble brukt i januar, februar, november og desember. I Rovebekken ble det påvist glykol i en av de 46 ukeblandprøvene fra St. R. Prøven viste en lav konsentrasjon på 0,3 mg PG/l. Kravet i utslippstillatelsen er dermed overholdt. I 26 døgnblandprøver fra Rovebekken (St. R) prioritert for analyse av baneavisingsmidlet formiat, ble det påvist formiat i 8 prøver. Høyeste konsentrasjon på 283 mg formiat per liter ble påvist i en prøve fra 29.01.13. Prøven ble tatt etter utlegging av nærmere 9 tonn formiat knyttet til underkjølt regn 27. og 28.01.13. Tilsvarende ble det påvist 136 mg formiat per liter i en prøve tatt ut 29.02.13, etter utlegging av nærmere 6 tonn formiat i perioden 17. – 19.02.13. Automatisert overvåking av ledningsevne i Rovebekken (St. R) og i overvann fra banesystemet (St. G2) har gitt god oversikt over mønster og varighet av avrenning med baneavisingsmidler. ¨ Overvåking av oksygenkonsentrasjonen i Rovebekken har vist gode og tilfredsstillende forhold gjennom 2013. Det har vært periodiske problemer med målingene. I slike perioder har oksygenkonsentrasjonen i bekken blitt kontrollert med manuelt måleutstyr. For stasjonene med avrenning til Vårnes- og Unnebergbekken (St. N og S) ble det tatt ut 9 stikkprøver i løpet av 2013. I Vårnesbekken ble glykol påvist i tre prøver og formiat i fem. I Unnebergbekken ble glykol påvist i fire prøver og formiat i to. Høyeste påviste konsentrasjoner var 35 mg PG/l og 100 mg Fo/l. Samlet sett har 2013 vært et år med lite avrenning av glykol til Rovebekken, og utslippskravet er overholdt. Formiat har blitt påvist i bekkevannet etter større utlegg av baneavisingsmidler. Fiskeundersøkelsen viste lavere tetthet av ørret enn i 2012, med fravær av årsyngel. Manglende forekomst av årsyngel antas å ha sammenheng med bunnfrysing av bekken i løpet av vinteren.

Sammendrag

Sweet cherry fruit in Norway are graded and packed with chlorinated water according to drinking water standards (max. 2 ppm free chlorine after fruit contact) as a transport medium in parts of the grading lines. A possibility of fruit contamination from fungal pathogens exists in such water. ‘Lapins’ fruit from 10 commercial orchards at each of three packinghouses were put through a simulated sale period (10 days at 2°C and 2-3 days at 20°C) either directly or after being transported on a grading line in 2007. In 2008, fruit were sampled at different times of the day (early, mid and late) and compared with the control. Fruit samples containing 5 x 100 fruits were weighed at time of sampling, after 10 days at 2°C (in a Lifespan bag) and after 2-3 days at 20°C. The number of fruit decayed with fungal pathogens were counted and diagnosed. Total fruit decay in a mean of 3 packing houses x 10 orchards was 14% before packing and 28% after packing in 2007. Brown rot (caused by Monilinia laxa) incidence decreased from 1.1% to 0.3% and Mucor rot (caused primarily by Mucor piriformis) incidence increased from 11% to 26%. In 2008, there were no significant differences between unpacked and packed fruits, or between the different packing hours, on the different fungal diseases or incidence of total fruit decay. These preliminary results indicate that there might be a risk of contamination in seasons with high levels of fruit decay (such as 2007), but in normal seasons a slight chlorination of water is satisfactory to minimize the risk to an acceptable level.