Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
The plant growth regulator Primo MAXX® (trinexapac-ethyl) offers prospects for reduced mowing costs, lower CO2-emissions, better winter survival, and improved playing quality on turfgrass areas used for golf. As the second in a series of two, this report presents results and recommendations from the final year (2008) of a two year project evaluating Primo MAXX® on Nordic golf courses. The project was funded by the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation (STERF) and Syngenta, and carried out by Bioforsk and MTT, the state agricultural research institutes in Norway and Finland, respectively. In addition to the official ‘Good Experimental Practice" (GEP) trials needed for potential registration of Primo MAXX®, unreplicated demonstration trials were carried out on Norwegian Golf Courses under supervision of Bioforsk and with funding from the Norwegian Golf Federation (NGF). GEP trials established in 2007 on greens and fairways at Landvik, Norway (58°34"N, 8°52"E), and Lepaa, Finland (61°08"N, 24°20"E), were followed up by registrations of turfgrass winter damage in spring 2008. While no winter damage was observed at Landvik, monthly applications of Primo MAXX®, with the last application on 4 Oct. 2007, resulted in significantly less snow mold (Microdochium nivale) and tendencies to higher overall turfgrass appearance in both the green and fairway trial at Lepaa. New GEP trials were established on a creeping bentgrass green at Landvik and a Kentucky bluegrass / red fescue fairway at Lepaa in 2008. Because of the discoloration and post-suppression rebound effects reported in 2007, Primo MAXX® was applied more frequently and at lower rates than in 2007. In the green trial, weekly or biweekly applications of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 L ha-1 (17, 34 or 51 g a.i. trinexapac-ethyl ha-1) were compared with an unsprayed control treatment. On average for rates, frequencies and fifteen to seventeen observation dates, Primo MAXX® resulted in significantly lower clipping yield (-25%), significantly longer ball roll distance (+6%), and a tendency (P=0.07) to lower plant height (-16%) than on unsprayed control plots. Primo MAXX® gave significantly darker color, but had no effect on turfgrass overall appearance or density. Differences between application rates were not significant for any character, and differences between application frequencies were significant only for turfgrass color. In the new fairway trial at Lepaa, biweekly applications of Primo MAXX® resulted in significant reductions is clipping yields varying from 15% at the lowest (0.4 L ha-1) to 34% at the highest (1.2 L ha-1) rate. These reductions were accompanied by smaller, but significant reductions in plant height. The effects on turfgrass overall appearance, color or density were not significant.In demonstration trials on Norwegian golf courses, the average increases in ball roll distance from repeated application of 0.30 L ha-1 Primo MAXX® varied from 3 to 8%. An initial application at this rate resulted in discoloration in one out of three green trials, while initial applications of 0.8 and 1.0 L ha-1 resulted in loss of turfgrass quality in trials on a fairway and a semirough, respectively. These effects were temporary as the turfgrass recovered within 3-4 weeks and sometimes acquired better quality than in the unsprayed control treatment after the second application. In conclusion, we consider the documentation presented in this report to be sufficient to recommend Primo MAXX® being labeled for use on Nordic golf courses. We suggest that the following rates and application frequencies be printed on the label: Primo MAXX®, rate*Application intervalGreens (creeping bentgrass)0.2 - 0.4 L ha-1 Every one to two weeks Fairways (Kentucky bluegrass / red fescue)0.6 - 1.2 L ha-1Every two to three weeksRoughs & semi-roughs (Kentucky bluegrass / red fescue)1.0 - 2.0 L ha-1Every three to four weeks*Always use lowest rate for the first seasonal application of Primo MAXX®.
Forfattere
Vibeke LindSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Liv S. Nilsen Asbjørn MoenSammendrag
Kjeksvika-området har flere natur- og vegetasjonstyper og arter som er trua eller sjeldne. Dette gjelder flere typer av kystlynghei, rike enger og rikmyr. Og det gjelder trua arter, der spesielt flueblomst (Ophrys insectifera) har vært i sentrum. Denne orkidearten er klassifisert som ”nær truet” i siste oversikt over rødlistearter. Innen de 13 delområdene for telling av flueblomst i Kjeksvika-området, var det i 2009 hele 1188 blomstrende individer. Undersøkelsene gjennom mange år viser at ca. 70 % av individene av flueblomst blomstrer hvert år, og vi regner med at det finnes nesten 2000 individer i området. Totalt er 159 individer av flueblomst i seks fastruter innmålt og merket i åra etter 1998. Noen individer har gått ut og andre kommet til, og noen individer har vært tilstede fra 1998, og ett individ har blomstret 10 av 12 år. I tillegg ble 30 nye individer merket i 2009 i tre nye innmålingsruter med tidligere einerkratt. Dette det ble ryddet i 2001, og åpen engvegetasjon har på nytt etablert seg der einerkratt dominerte de siste åra før 2001. I områder der det er gjennomført aktiv skjøtsel i form av rydding og sauebeiting, er det en markant økning i antall flueblomst.
Sammendrag
Smak og ulike kvalitetsdimensjoner hos grønnsaker påvirkes av flere abiotiske vekstfaktorer som lys og temperatur. Disse vekstbetingelsene er særegne i nord på grunn av forholdsvis lave dyrkningstemperaturer og lange dager. I dette prosjektet sees det nærmere på ulike helsegode innholdsstoffer i tillegg til smak i brokkoli for å dokumentere den nordlige kvaliteten.
Forfattere
Grete StokstadSammendrag
I denne artikkelen ser vi på omfang og endring i bruk av jordbruksarealer i Nord-Norge. Artikkelen trekker fram forhold som blir nærmere analysert i en rapport fra Skog og landskap (Puschmann og Stokstad 2009). I rapporten har vi ved hjelp av data fra jordbrukstellingene, søknader om produksjonstillegg (PT-data) og arealbruksendinger på egne 3Q-overvåkingsflater sett nærmere på arealbruksendringer i Nordland, Troms og Finnmark.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ievina SturiteSammendrag
Nitrogen (N) er kvantitativt det viktigste næringsstoff for vekst og reproduksjon. Nitrogenfikserende planter er avgjørende for å forsyne andre planter med N og for at fôr skal bli en bedre proteinkilde. Hvilke faktorer påvirker potensialet for biologisk nitrogenfiksering og hvordan overlever kløveren den lange nordnorske vinteren?
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
The plant growth regulator Primo MAXX® (trinexapac-ethyl) offers prospects for reduced mowing costs, lower CO2-emissions, better winter survival, and improved playing quality on turfgrass areas used for golf. As the second in a series of two, this report presents results and recommendations from the final year (2008) of a two year project evaluating Primo MAXX® on Nordic golf courses. The project was funded by the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation (STERF) and Syngenta, and carried out by Bioforsk and MTT, the state agricultural research institutes in Norway and Finland, respectively. In addition to the official ‘Good Experimental Practice" (GEP) trials needed for potential registration of Primo MAXX®, unreplicated demonstration trials were carried out on Norwegian Golf Courses under supervision of Bioforsk and with funding from the Norwegian Golf Federation (NGF). GEP trials established in 2007 on greens and fairways at Landvik, Norway (58°34"N, 8°52"E), and Lepaa, Finland (61°08"N, 24°20"E), were followed up by registrations of turfgrass winter damage in spring 2008. While no winter damage was observed at Landvik, monthly applications of Primo MAXX®, with the last application on 4 Oct. 2007, resulted in significantly less snow mold (Microdochium nivale) and tendencies to higher overall turfgrass appearance in both the green and fairway trial at Lepaa. New GEP trials were established on a creeping bentgrass green at Landvik and a Kentucky bluegrass / red fescue fairway at Lepaa in 2008. Because of the discoloration and post-suppression rebound effects reported in 2007, Primo MAXX® was applied more frequently and at lower rates than in 2007. In the green trial, weekly or biweekly applications of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 L ha-1 (17, 34 or 51 g a.i. trinexapac-ethyl ha-1) were compared with an unsprayed control treatment. On average for rates, frequencies and fifteen to seventeen observation dates, Primo MAXX® resulted in significantly lower clipping yield (-25%), significantly longer ball roll distance (+6%), and a tendency (P=0.07) to lower plant height (-16%) than on unsprayed control plots. Primo MAXX® gave significantly darker color, but had no effect on turfgrass overall appearance or density. Differences between application rates were not significant for any character, and differences between application frequencies were significant only for turfgrass color. In the new fairway trial at Lepaa, biweekly applications of Primo MAXX® resulted in significant reductions is clipping yields varying from 15% at the lowest (0.4 L ha-1) to 34% at the highest (1.2 L ha-1) rate. These reductions were accompanied by smaller, but significant reductions in plant height. The effects on turfgrass overall appearance, color or density were not significant.In demonstration trials on Norwegian golf courses, the average increases in ball roll distance from repeated application of 0.30 L ha-1 Primo MAXX® varied from 3 to 8%. An initial application at this rate resulted in discoloration in one out of three green trials, while initial applications of 0.8 and 1.0 L ha-1 resulted in loss of turfgrass quality in trials on a fairway and a semirough, respectively. These effects were temporary as the turfgrass recovered within 3-4 weeks and sometimes acquired better quality than in the unsprayed control treatment after the second application. In conclusion, we consider the documentation presented in this report to be sufficient to recommend Primo MAXX® being labeled for use on Nordic golf courses. We suggest that the following rates and application frequencies be printed on the label: Primo MAXX®, rate*Application intervalGreens (creeping bentgrass)0.2 - 0.4 L ha-1 Every one to two weeks Fairways (Kentucky bluegrass / red fescue)0.6 - 1.2 L ha-1Every two to three weeksRoughs & semi-roughs (Kentucky bluegrass / red fescue)1.0 - 2.0 L ha-1Every three to four weeks*Always use lowest rate for the first seasonal application of Primo MAXX®.
Forfattere
Hans Martin Hanslin Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
An absolute condition for high-quality golf courses and athletic fields is an adequate fertilizer programme. Many organic fertilizers, some of them also containing biostimulants, are on the market. Our objective was to evaluate some of these products under Scandinavian climate conditions. The fertilizers / biostimulants Gro-Power®, Turf Food, Golf Algin, Bio Kombi, MaxicropTM and FlexTM were compared with Arena® mineral fertilizer (control) on a USGA green in 2005 (grow-in year) and 2006; and the products Golf Algin, ProGreen, Activo and FlexTM were compared with Fullgjødsel® mineral fertilizer (control) on a sand-based football pitch in the same years. Within each experiment, all treatments received the same amount of nitrogen (N) rate per year (2.5/1.7 kg N (100 m2)-1 on the golf green and 3.0/2.8 kg N (100 m2)-1 on the pitch in 2005/2006, respectively. Inputs of other nutrients varied depending on product tested. In 2005, products were applied at two or four week intervals according to their label, but in 2006, all products were applied at biweekly intervals. On average for the two year experimental period, none of the organic fertilizers / biostimulants caused significant improvements in turfgrass overall impression compared with the control mineral fertilizer treatments. Turf Food and ProGreen enhanced turfgrass grow-in on the green and pitch, respectively, but when used as maintenance fertilizer, Turf Food, Golf Algin, Bio Kombi and Flex produced turf of significantly less quality than the the control. Disadvantages of the test products were most conspicuous in spring when N release was restricted due to low soil temperatures and in autumn when the products resulted in significantly more diseases than the mineral fertilizer control. The only product that resulted in significantly better turfgrass colour and tended to give higher overall impression than the control was the humic acid based Gro-Power® when combined with Arena® at two week intervals; however, the inclusion of Gro-Power® products also increased fertilizer costs by 72% in the grow-in year and 124% in the subsequent year. In conclusion, light and frequent applications of mineral fertilizer should always form the nutritional basis for sand-based greens and football pitches in Scandinavia. Certain organic fertilizers and biostimulants may become useful supplements for turfgrass grow-in and as maintenance fertilizers during the warmest summer period.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Oiva NiemelainenSammendrag
The main objective of this project was to provide documentation for potential registration of Primo MAXX® for use on Nordic golf courses. The project started in 2007 with trials according to Good Experimental Practise standard at Landvik, Norway and Lepaa, Finland. Primo MAXX® was applied at monthly rates varying from 0.2 to 0.8 L ha-1 on greens and 0.5 to 3.0 L ha-1 on fairways. These treatments resulted in average clipping yield reductions of 18% on bluegrass/fescue fairways and 21% on creeping bentgrass greens. Growth suppression during the first two weeks after application was often followed by a rebound effect during the remaining two weeks until next application. While significant losses in turfgrass quality occurred at rates 1.0 L ha-1 and higher the fairway trial at Landvik, monthly applications of at least 1.5 L ha-1 ha resulted in less snow mould (Microdochium nivale) and faster spring green-up in 2008 in the fairway trial at Lepaa. Because of the discoloration and rebound effects in 2007, Primo MAXX® was applied at lower rates but higher frequencies in new trials established 2008. In a green trial at Landvik, weekly or biweekly applications of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 L ha-1 were compared with an unsprayed check. On average for application rates and frequencies, Primo MAXX® had no effect on turfgrass overall appearance or density but reduced clipping yield by 25% and increased ball roll distance by 6%. In a new fairway trial at Lepaa, biweekly applications of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 L ha-1 had no effect on turfgrass quality but reduced clipping yields by 15, 23, 23 and 34%, respectively. Rebound effects were virtually absent in the 2008 trials. Spring observations in Finland in 2009 confirmed less snow mould and better overall appearance on plots that had been sprayed with Primo MAXX® in 2008. In conclusion we have recommended that Primo MAXX® be labeled for use on Nordic golf courses at the following rates and application frequencies. Rate*Application intervalGreens (creeping bentgrass)0.2 - 0.4 L ha-1Every 1 to 2 weeksFairways (Kentucky bluegrass / red fescue)0.6 - 1.2 L ha-1Every 2 to 3 weeksRoughs & semi-roughs (Kentucky bluegrass / red fescue)1.0 - 2.0 L ha-1Every 3 to 4 weeks *Always use lowest rate for the first seasonal application of Primo MAXX®. As of 1 January 2010, Primo MAXX® has been approved for turfgrass use in Iceland. Applications are pending in Finland, Sweden and Norway.