Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Kjersti Holt HanssenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Joel Abbey David Percival Laura Elina Jaakola Samuel K. AsieduSammendrag
Botrytis blossom blight disease is one of the major challenges to wild blueberry production with annual losses frequently exceeding 20%. In this study, the effect of different fungicide treatments on Botrytis blight development and yield, as well as the mobility and persistence of these fungicides within flower tissues, and fruit of wild blueberries were evaluated under field conditions. This multi-year trial examined five different fungicides (Switch®, Luna Tranquility®, Merivon® Xenium, Propulse®, and Miravis® Prime) each one applied twice at 7-10-day interval. Fungicide quantification in the floral and berry tissues was conducted using a modification of the QuEChErs extraction method and analyzed with GC-MS and HPLC-MS. All the treatments except Switch® reduced disease incidence by over 78 % and severity by over 40 %, compared to the control plots. Switch® and Miravis® Prime reduced both incidence and severity by over 64 % compared to the control plots. Luna Tranquility®, Merivon® Xenium, and Propulse® reduced incidence by at least 47 % and severity by 51 % compared to the control plots. Berry yields were higher in Switch®, Luna Tranquility® and Miravis® Prime treated plots with at least a 19% increase in yield compared to the control plots. The mean concentration of all quantified fungicides was higher in the corolla compared to the gynoecium and the androecium sample areas. Fungicides were persistent and concentrations were sufficient to suppress Botrytis cinerea at fruit set (10 days post application) with no residue detected in harvested berries, except prothioconazole-desthio.
Forfattere
Sonja Keel Alice Budai Lars Elsgaard Brieuc Hardy Florent Levasseur Zhi Liang Claudio Mondini Cesar Plaza Jens LeifeldSammendrag
To increase soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, we need to improve our understanding on how to make best use of available plant biomass. Is it better to leave harvest residues on the field, or can we achieve higher SOC storage after processing biomass through, for instance, composting or pyrolysis to produce biochar? In the present study, we developed new parameters for different types of exogenous organic materials (EOMs), which allowed us to estimate the long-term effect of EOM addition on SOC storage using the soil carbon model RothC. For this purpose, we used a model version that included two additional EOM pools. First, we simulated the SOC evolution after addition of equal amounts of C in plant material and different EOMs (manure, compost, digestate, biochar) for a 38-year cropland trial in Switzerland. As expected, biochar showed the greatest increase in SOC due to its high stability. Next, we estimated how much C would remain after subjecting equivalent amounts of plant material and other EOMs to different processes. Loss rates of C for different processes were obtained from the literature. Due to different decomposition rates, the amounts of C remaining in the EOMs ranged from 7 % for anaerobic digestion of animal excreta to 100 % for plant material added directly to soil. These amounts of C were then added to the soil in the model experiments. Although the largest amount of C is lost during processing to biochar, biochar would clearly lead to highest long-term SOC stocks. Based on these first results we conclude that the trade-off between off-site stabilization and in-soil mineralization does not compromise the use of biochar for soil C storage. This means that despite the high C losses of about 50 % during biochar production, higher amounts of C remain in the soil because biochar has very low decomposition rates. In terms of C sequestration efficiency, biochar thus clearly outperforms the other biomass processing pathways. However, for practical recommendations, additional factors should be considered, such as nutrient availability of EOMs and environmental effects during processing, storage and soil application like nutrient leaching or gaseous emissions. Furthermore, we suggest a full life cycle assessment that considers e.g. energy costs for transport of biomass and energy savings from fossil fuel substitution by natural gas.
Forfattere
Xueqi Li Sujie Zhang Chenyang Wang Bin Ren Fang Yan Shaofang Li Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Jinguang Huang Xueping Zhou Huanbin ZhouSammendrag
In situ epitope tagging is crucial for probing gene expression, protein localization, and the dynamics of protein interactions within their natural cellular context. However, the practical application of this technique in plants presents considerable hurdles. Here, we comprehensively explored the potential of the CRISPR/Cas nuclease-mediated prime editing and different DNA repair pathways in epitope tagging of endogenous rice (Oryza sativa) genes. We found that a SpCas9 nuclease/microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ)-based prime editing (PE) strategy (termed NM-PE) facilitates more straightforward and efficient gene tagging compared to the conventional and other derivative PE methods. Furthermore, the PAM-flexible SpRY and ScCas9 nucleases-based prime editors have been engineered and implemented for the tagging of endogenous genes with diverse epitopes, significantly broadening the applicability of NM-PE in rice. Moreover, NM-PE has been successfully adopted in simultaneous tagging of the MAP kinase (MPK) genes OsMPK1 and OsMPK13 in rice plants with c-Myc and HA tags, respectively. Taken together, our results indicate great potential of the NM-PE toolkit in the targeted gene tagging for Rice Protein Tagging Project, gene function study and genetic improvement.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
«KAMPEN OM utmarka» var tittelen på den nasjonale temakonferansen som Norsk Bonde- og Småbrukarlag inviterte til på Gardermoen seinhausten 2022. Nett den tittelen var sjølvsagt ikkje tilfeldig, tvert om speglar den kjensla jamt fleire beitebrukarar i utmarka opplever om dagen, dei opplever at det går føre seg ein kamp om kva utmarka er og kva den skal vere. Denne artikkelen handlar nettopp om kva utmarka er. Den handlar om kva me grunnleggande sett snakkar om når me snakkar om utmark. Sagt på ein annan og litt meir filosofisk måte så handlar artikkelen om utmarkas sosiale ontologi og om korleis nett denne ontologien spelar seg ut i den daglege praksisen og forvaltinga av utmarka. Forfattarane argumenterer for at etter fleire tusen år med agrar dominans der jordbrukets interesser og behov har vore mesta einerådande, er det no forskjellige og konkurrerande ontologiar om kva utmarksområda eigentleg er. Med dette melder også spørsmålet seg om me i det heile teke kan og bør snakka om utmark lenger i forvaltning, forsking og politikk. For det kan skjula og tåkelegga, meir enn det klargjer for dei mange konfliktane som finn stad.
Forfattere
Daniel RasseSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Daniel RasseSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Linn Borgen NilsenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trond MæhlumSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag