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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2017

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Sammendrag

Extensive green roofs have become a frequently used option for stormwater retention across manydifferent climates including cold and wet regions. Despite the extensive documentation of green rooftechnology for stormwater management, the knowledge about their function and potential use in wetand cold regions is deficient. Using historic data on daily temperature and precipitation in a green roofwater balance model coupled with the Oudin model of evapotranspiration (ET), we evaluated the effects ofmaximum green roof storage capacities (Smax) and ET on stormwater retention along climatic gradientsin Northern Europe. Large differences in potential annual stormwater retention were found betweenlocations, driven by differences in temperature and precipitation amounts. Highest retention in abso-lute values was found for the wettest locations, while the warmest and driest locations showed highestretention in percentage of annual precipitation (up to 58% compared to 17% for the lower range). Alllocations showed a considerable retention of stormwater during summer, ranging from 52% to 91%. Stor-age capacities accepting drought conditions once every 3.3–3.9 year were found to be about 25 mm inthe cold and wet locations increasing to 40–50 mm in the warmer and drier locations. Correspondingstorage capacities to prevent wilting of non-succulent vegetation was on average a factor of 1.5 larger(not including Sheffield and Malmö). Annual retention increased both with an increase in plant wateruse (specific crop factors, Kc) and with an increase in Smax, but was found to be more sensitive to changesin Kcthan to changes in Smax. Hence, ET was the limiting factor for green roof retention capacity in thecold and wet locations, but relatively large changes in evapotranspiration would be needed to have animpact on retention. The potential to use vegetation with higher water use to better restore the storagecapacity between storm-events in these regions was however limited by the risk of permanent wilting ofnon-succulent vegetation, even on the wettest locations. A considerable increase in roof storage capacityand substrate thickness would be required to reduce this risk; still the increase in stormwater retentionwould be marginal.

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Sammendrag

Hjå eple og plomme er det heilt turvande å regulera avlinga for å oppnå jamne avlingar av god kvalitet. I kommersiell dyrking er vanleg dyrkingspraksis å regulera avlinga kjemisk eller med hand under blomstringa eller på kartstadiet. Den kjemiske tynninga vert utført under blomstringa eller på liten kart. Då vert grovtynninga utført. I etterkant vert det justert for hand. Dei siste åra har det i Europa vorte arbeidd med alternative løysingar som er mekanisk tynning med maskin. Prinsippet er eit traktormontert utstyr med roterande trådar som vert køyrt på kvar sida av trerekkja under blomstringa. Ein del blomar vert då slått av slik at ei grovtynning vert gjort. Feltsesongen 2010 vart gjennomført to feltforsøk med utprøving av den tyske maskinen Baum for mekanisk blomstertynning, eit i eple med eplesorten Summerred poda på grunnstamma M9 og eit i plomme med plommesorten Opal poda på grunnstamma St. Julien A. Feltforsøka vart gjennomførde i kommersiell frukthagar nær Nibio Ullensvang........

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