Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Forfattere
Thomas Wohlgemuth Martin M. Gossner Thomas Campagnaro Hélia Marchante Marcela van Loo Giorgio Vacchiano Pilar Castro-Díez Dorota Dobrowolska Anna Gazda Srdjan Keren Zsolt Keserű Marcin Koprowski Nicola La Porta Vitas Marozas Per Holm Nygaard Vilém Podrázský Radosław Puchałka Orna Reisman-Berman Lina Straigytė Tiina Ylioja Elisabeth Pötzelsberger Joaquim S. SilvaSammendrag
In the context of global change, the integration of non-native tree (NNT) species into European forestry is increasingly being discussed. The ecological consequences of increasing use or spread of NNTs in European forests are highly uncertain, as the scientific evidence is either constraint to results from case studies with limited spatial extent, or concerns global assessments that lack focus on European NNTs. For either case, generalisations on European NNTs are challenging to draw. Here we compile data on the impacts of seven important NNTs (Acacia dealbata, Ailanthus altissima, Eucalyptus globulus, Prunus serotina, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus rubra, Robinia pseudoacacia) on physical and chemical soil properties and diversity attributes in Europe, and summarise commonalities and differences. From a total of 103 publications considered, studies on diversity attributes were overall more frequent than studies on soil properties. The effects on soil properties varied greatly among tree species and depended on the respective soil property. Overall, increasing (45%) and decreasing (45%) impacts on soil occurred with similar frequency. In contrast, decreasing impacts on biodiversity were much more frequent (66%) than increasing ones (24%). Species phylogenetically distant from European tree species, such as Acacia dealbata, Eucalyptus globulus and Ailanthus altissima, showed the strongest decreasing impacts on biodiversity. Our results suggest that forest managers should be cautious in using NNTs, as a majority of NNT stands host fewer species when compared with native tree species or ecosystems, likely reflected in changes in biotic interactions and ecosystem functions. The high variability of impacts suggests that individual NNTs should be assessed separately, but NNTs that lack European relatives should be used with particular caution.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Lu Feng Lise Bonne Guldberg Michael Jørgen Hansen Chun Ma Rikke Vinther Ohrt Henrik Bjarne MøllerSammendrag
Anaerobic digestion of animal slurry to produce biogas is the dominated treatment approach and a storage period is normally applied prior to digestion. Pre-storage, however, contributes to CH4 emissions and results in loss of biogas potential. Manure management was found to be an efficient approach to reduce not only the on-site CH4 emission but may also have extended influence on CH4 emission/losses for storage and subsequent biogas process, while the connection remains unclear. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the impact of slurry management (e.g. removal frequency) on CH4 emission (both on-site and storage process prior to biogas) and biogas yield. An experimental pig house for growing-finishing pigs (30–110 kg) and the relevant CH4 emission was monitored for one year. In addition, the specific CH4 activity (SMA) test was conducted and used as an alternative indicator to reflect the impact. Results showed that the manure management affected both on-site and subsequent methane emission; with increased manure removal frequencies, the methane emission became less dependent on variation of temperatures and the specific methanogenesis activity was significantly lower. The highest SMA (100 mL CH4 gVS-1), for instance, was observed from the slurries with limited emptied times, which was 10 times of that from the slurries being emptied three times a week. These findings could enlighten the development of environmentally friendly strategies for animal slurry management and biogas production.
Forfattere
Kyrre Linné Kausrud Vigdis Vandvik Daniel Flø Sonya Rita Geange Stein Joar Hegland Jo Skeie Hermansen Lars Robert Hole Rolf Anker Ims Håvard Kauserud Lawrence Richard Kirkendall Jenni Nordén Line Nybakken Mikael Ohlson Olav Skarpaas Per Hans Micael Wendell Hugo de Boer Katrine Eldegard Kjetil Hindar Paal Krokene Johanna Järnegren Inger Elisabeth Måren Anders Nielsen Erlend Birkeland Nilsen Eli Knispel Rueness Eva Bonsak Thorstad Gaute VelleSammendrag
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Forfattere
Erling Meisingset Joar Gusevik Atle Skjørestad Øystein Brekkum Atle Mysterud Frank Narve RosellSammendrag
Many wild animals perceive humans as predators, and human disturbance,especially in the form of hunting, triggers antipredatory behavior among prey.Yet, knowledge of how game species react to different types of human distur-bance and adapt to repeated disturbances is limited. We investigated howdisturbance in the form of a solitary human approacher (stalker) impactedbehavior (flight response and short-term habitat use) of 28 GPS-collared reddeer (Cervus elaphus) in two populations with contrasting population densitiesin Norway. We studied how the behavioral response differed: (1) with season(pre-hunting vs. hunting); (2) by consecutive approaches within a day;(3) among replicated experiments within the same season; and (4) betweentwo regions with contrasting densities of red deer. The average flight initiationdistance (FID) increased by 15% during the hunting season, and consecutiveapproaches within the same day caused the red deer to move 49% longerdistances. Flight initiation distance was longer in the high-density population,while escape distance was longer in the low-density population. Red deermoved out of their weekly home range after 52% approaches, and after theonset of hunting season, time spent outside the home range increased by 89%.Red deer preferred denser resting sites after the disturbance and animal siteshad shorter sighting distance and higher canopy cover than control plots.Tree density and canopy cover at animal sites increased at the onset of huntingseason, from first to second approach within day, and after replicated experi-ments within season. Our results suggest that red deer preferred dense restingsites, especially in the hunting season. However, these animal sites had thesame amount of the favorable forage plant bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), indi-cating no clear food–cover trade-off in selection of habitat. Our study showedthat onset of hunting initiates stronger fear responses in red deer, which mayin turn affect red deer distribution and harvesting efficiency
Forfattere
Stine Samsonstuen Helge Bonesmo Bente Aspeholen Åby Eli Gjerlaug-Enger Erland Kjesbu Magne Bergfjord Rune Okstad Svein Skøien Tony BarmanSammendrag
Through the joint project Climate Smart Agriculture, the agricultural sector in Norway have successfully implemented the whole-farm models HolosNor models as farm advisory tools for milk, beef, pig, sheep, poultry, and crop production. The HolosNor modes are empirical models based on the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change with modifications to Norwegian conditions. The models estimate direct emissions of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) from on-farm livestock production and includes indirect emissions of N2O and CO2 associated with inputs used on the farm in addition to including soil carbon balance through the ICBM model. The digital GHG Calculator automatically collects data from sources the farmer already uses for farm management, such as herd recording systems, manure planning systems, farm accounts, concentrate invoice, dairy, slaughterhouse, in addition to site-specific soil and weather data. Based on the collected data, both total emissions from the production and emission intensities for the different products are estimated. The emission intensities are shown by source relative to a reference group consisting of farms with the same type of production and production volume. Using the GHG Calculator, the farmers have the unique opportunity to have tailor-made mitigation plans to reduce emissions from the farm trough certified climate advisors. Participation and results from the GHG Calculator will be presented in addition to experiences from implementation of a GHG model as a farm advisory tool for commercial farms.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Valerie Isabelle Lengard Almli Milford Anna Birgitte Dypdal Lina FjørkenstadSammendrag
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Forfattere
Truls Nesbakken Håvard Steinshamn Iben Margrete Thomsen Dean Basic Thea B. Blystad Klem Tron Øystein Gifstad Kyrre Linné Kausrud Kjetil Klaveness Melby Lawrence Richard Kirkendall Christer Magnusson Inger Elisabeth Måren Mogens Nicolaisen Åshild Taksdal Randby Maria Stokstad Siamak Pour Yazdankhah Per Hans Micael Wendell Angelika Agdestein Hugo de Boer Jacques Xavier Leon Godfroid Solveig Jore Paal Krokene Live Lingaas Nesse Knut Madslien Trond Møretrø Gaute VelleSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Interactions among fungi and insects involve hundreds of thousands of species. While insect communities on plants have formed some of the classic model systems in ecology, fungus-based communities and the forces structuring them remain poorly studied by comparison. We characterize the arthropod communities associated with fruiting bodies of eight mycorrhizal basidiomycete fungus species from three different orders along a 1200-km latitudinal gradient in northern Europe. We hypothesized that, matching the pattern seen for most insect taxa on plants, we would observe a general decrease in fungal-associated species with latitude. Against this backdrop, we expected local communities to be structured by host identity and phylogeny, with more closely related fungal species sharing more similar communities of associated organisms. As a more unique dimension added by the ephemeral nature of fungal fruiting bodies, we expected further imprints generated by successional change, with younger fruiting bodies harboring communities different from older ones. Using DNA metabarcoding to identify arthropod communities from fungal fruiting bodies, we found that latitude left a clear imprint on fungus-associated arthropod community composition, with host phylogeny and decay stage of fruiting bodies leaving lesser but still-detectable effects. The main latitudinal imprint was on a high arthropod species turnover, with no detectable pattern in overall species richness. Overall, these findings paint a new picture of the drivers of fungus-associated arthropod communities, suggesting that latitude will not affect how many arthropod species inhabit a fruiting body but, rather, what species will occur in it and at what relative abundances (as measured by sequence read counts). These patterns upset simplistic predictions regarding latitudinal gradients in species richness and in the strength of biotic interactions.