Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Åsmund AsdalSammendrag
Vi har alltid gledet oss over skjønnhet, blomster og `liljene på marken`. Estetikk og nytte har gått hånd i hånd. Blomster ble funnet i Tutankhamons grav, og det gamle Persia var kjent for sine hengende hager. Ordet paradis er et persisk ord for hage. Hos oss var de første prydplantene slike som også ble dyrket fordi de var nyttige til mat, krydder eller medisin. Nå er ringen sluttet ved at blomstenes terapeutiske effekter er blitt en del av offentlig helsearbeid.
Forfattere
Nina Hovden SætherSammendrag
De eldste sikre sporene etter beitende husdyr i Norge er funn av 5000 år gamle bein fra yngre steinalder i hellere på Vestlandet. Det norske landskapet var på denne tiden stort sett dekket av skog, og steinalderbonden hugget skogen for å få beite til husdyra sine. Samspillet mellom beitedyr og bonde har gjennom tusener av år utviklet og dannet det åpne beitelandskapet som er med på å gjøre Norge til et vakkert land. I dag er mye av dette landskapet i ferd med å gro igjen.
Forfattere
Halvor SolheimSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Insektene som forsyner seg av granas kongler og frø har tradisjonelt ikke vært regnet som noe stort problem i norske skoger. Men nå som stadig flere av granplantene som skal danne framtidas skog stammer fra frøplantasjer er dette bildet i ferd med å endre seg. Trusselbildet kan også være i endring, siden klimaet ser ut til å påvirke forekomsten av to viktige kongleinsekter, granfrøgallmygg og kongleglansvikler.
Forfattere
Elena A. Ignatova Hans Haavardsholm Blom D.V. Goryunov Irina A. MilyutinaSammendrag
A phylogenetic analysis of ITS1-2 sequences from 117 specimens of Schistidium from Eurasia and North America revealed several new taxa within the genus. Schistidium sibiricum Ignatova & H.H. Blom, S. obscurum H.H. Blom, Köckinger & Ignatova, S. tenuinerve Ignatova & H.H. Blom, S. bakalinii Ignatova & H.H. Blom, S. echinatum Ignatova & H.H. Blom and S. succulentum Ignatova & H.H. Blom are described as new for science. Three new combinations are made: S. canadense (Dupr.) Ignatova & H.H. Blom, S. abrupticostatum (Bryhn) Ignatova & H.H. Blom and S. konoi (Broth.) Ignatova & H.H. Blom. Illustrations are provided for new species. A preliminary key for the identification of Schistidium species known in Russia is given.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Myrmica specioides Bondroit, 1918 and Formica cunicularia Latreille, 1798 are recorded in Norway for the first time. Both species were found in 2008 at Jeløya, Østfold County in South-Eastern Norway. A total of 54 outdoor-living ant species are now known to occur in Norway.
Forfattere
Ole Martin Eklo Randi Bolli Jens Kværner Tore Sveistrup Frauke Hofmeister Eivind Solbakken Nicolas Jarvis Fredrik Stenemo Eirik Romstad Borghild Glorvigen Tor Anton GurenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Aldo Marchetto Rosario Mosello Gabriele A. Tartari John Derome Kirsti Derome Nils König Nicholas Clarke Anna KowalskaSammendrag
A Working Ring Test (WRT) was organised within the framework of the EU/Life+ FutMon Project (`Further Development and Implementation of an EU-level Forest Monitoring System`, LIFE07 ENV/D/000218), to evaluate the overall performance of the laboratories responsible for analysing atmospheric deposition and soil solution samples in European forests, and to verify improvements in the analytical quality resulting from the QA/QC work carried out in the laboratories which participated in previous WRTs organized in the framework of the UN/ECE ICP Forests Monitoring Programme. The WRT was carried out in accordance with International ISO and ILAG guide proficiency test both for sample preparation and numerical elaboration of the results. Four natural atmospheric deposition and soil solution samples and 4 synthetic solutions were distributed to 44 laboratories for analysis using their routine methods for the following variables: pH, conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, sulphate, nitrate, chloride, total alkalinity, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Two tolerable limits were defined for each variable on the basis of the measured value, the results of previous WRTs, a comparison with the Data Quality Objectives of other international networks, and the importance of the variable in deposition and soil solution monitoring. In the ring test 16% of the results from all the laboratories did not fall within the tolerable limits. This enabled us to identify those variables and laboratories for which improvements in analytical performance are required. The results of the exercise clearly show that the use of data check procedures, as described in the ICP Forests manual for sampling and analysis of atmospheric deposition, makes it possible to detect the presence of inaccurate or outlying results, and would therefore greatly improve the overall performance of the laboratories. Some of the analytical methods used by individual laboratories were found to be unsuitable for the samples included in this WRT, and therefore also for the routine analysis of atmospheric deposition and soil solution samples in European forests. These methods included outdated methods, such as turbidimetry or nephelometry for the determination of sulphate, silver nitrate titration and ion selective electrode for chloride, Kjeldahl digestion for the determination of ammonium and organic nitrogen, and colorimetric titrations for alkalinity. A detailed discussion of the determination of total alkalinity is also given in the report because this variable was associated with the most analytical problems.
Sammendrag
Growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees and nitrogen deposition were analysed at about 500 forest plots throughout Norway in six fiveyear periods from 1977 to 2006. Growth was calculated from five repeated calliper measurements of all trees during this period and using treering series from increment cores of a subsample of trees. From the growth data a `relative growth` variable was extracted, being the deviation in % between observed and expected growth rates. The expected growth was estimated from growth models based on site productivity, age and stand density at each plot. The plots were categorized into four age classes. The nitrogen deposition was estimated for each plot for the same five year periods by geographical interpolation of deposition observations at monitoring stations made by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research. Nitrogen deposition from 1977 to 2006 ranged from 1 to 24 kg/ha/yr at the study plots, with about 15 kg/ha/yr in the southernmost region and 3 kg/ha/yr in the northern region of Norway. For the entire 30year period we found a long term relationship between growth and nitrogen deposition, corresponding to a forest growth increase of 0.7% per kg total nitrogen deposition per hectare and year (r2 = 0.13). This is in line with studies carried out on other data sets and for shorter time periods. This apparent fertilizing effect was most pronounced for the youngest forest, while the effect was weak for the oldest forest. The growth increase was observed in the southernmost part of Norway, the region with the highest nitrogen deposition. However, the relationship between nitrogen deposition and growth varied considerably between the time periods. In two of the periods the relationship was slightly negative: these periods corresponded well with summer droughts occurring in the southernmost part of Norway. Drought, as well as other climatic factors, will influence the shortterm variations in forest growth and may obscure the fertilizing effect of nitrogen deposition in some periods. In conclusion, nitrogen deposition has most likely increased growth in Norway spruce in southern Norway. However, our study also shows that inferences from such correlative studies should be drawn with care if the growth period is shorter than 10–15 years because climatic factors produce temporal variations in the relationship between nitrogen deposition and forest growth.