Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Matias Pasquali Erik Lysøe Andrew Breakspear Kyeyong Seong Jon Menke Jin-Rong Xu H. Corby KistlerSammendrag
To understand mycotoxin accumulation and the infection cycle of the wheat head blight pathogen Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto,fungal gene expression profiles were monitored during plant infection. Strains containing mutations in genes for three transcription factors were found to control deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in planta and pathogenicity. Expression profiles were compared between wildtype and these mutants during infection of wheat. Mutants deleted for the StuA gene were greatly decreased in sporulation and produced no perithecia in culture. Unlike "stuA mutants in F. oxysporum, F. graminearum "stuA mutants were greatly reduced in pathogenicity. Reduced pathogenicity may be due to decreased DON levels in planta, which in the mutant were
Forfattere
Mathias Pasquali Erik Lysøe Publikasjonsforfatter Keong Seong Jon Menke J. Xu H. Corby KistlerSammendrag
To understand mycotoxin accumulation and the infection cycle of the wheat head blight pathogen Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto,fungal gene expression profiles were monitored during plant infection. Strains containing mutations in genes for three transcription factors were found to control deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in planta and pathogenicity. Expression profiles were compared between wildtype and these mutants during infection of wheat. Mutants deleted for the StuA gene were greatly decreased in sporulation and produced no perithecia in culture. Unlike "stuA mutants in F. oxysporum, F. graminearum "stuA mutants were greatly reduced in pathogenicity. Reduced pathogenicity may be due to decreased DON levels in planta, which in the mutant were
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Healthy seed is important for a successful plant production and organic cereal production must rely on management of seed-borne diseases without synthetic seed treatment chemicals. Inoculum thresholds, i.e. the level of seed borne inoculum that can be accepted, are needed for organic cereal production. In general, significantly lower infection frequencies of seed borne diseases are recorded on seedlings than on seed. The aim of the work presented was to compare transmission of Drechslera teres from barley seeds to seedlings in soils with different content of organic materials. Experiments with two seed lots (93 % and 94 % D. teres, respectively) have been carried out in greenhouse with 8 different soils collected in different cereal growing regions. 100 seeds with 3 replicates from each seed lot were planted in each soil type and placed for emergence at 12 oC. Percent emergence and percentage seedlings with symptoms of net blotch were recorded at BBCH 10-12. The net blotch frequency as average for the two seed lots ranged from 11 to 21 % in the different soils. Higher content of organic materials resulted in less infection frequencies. A correlation was found between the amount of organic materials in the soil and % net blotch (r = -0.83, P = 0.009). Experiments will be repeated with less infected seed lots.
Sammendrag
Healthy seed is important for a successful plant production and organic cereal production must rely on management of seed-borne diseases without synthetic seed treatment chemicals. Inoculum thresholds, i.e. the level of seed borne inoculum that can be accepted, are needed for organic cereal production. In general, significantly lower infection frequencies of seed borne diseases are recorded on seedlings than on seed. The aim of the work presented was to compare transmission of Drechslera teres from barley seeds to seedlings in soils with different content of organic materials. Experiments with two seed lots (93 % and 94 % D. teres, respectively) have been carried out in greenhouse with 8 different soils collected in different cereal growing regions. 100 seeds with 3 replicates from each seed lot were planted in each soil type and placed for emergence at 12 oC. Percent emergence and percentage seedlings with symptoms of net blotch were recorded at BBCH 10-12. The net blotch frequency as average for the two seed lots ranged from 11 to 21 % in the different soils. Higher content of organic materials resulted in less infection frequencies. A correlation was found between the amount of organic materials in the soil and % net blotch (r = -0.83, P = 0.009). Experiments will be repeated with less infected seed lots
Sammendrag
Oil transport from the Russian Arctic. Is the Barents Sea environment at risk? The volumes of oil being transported by sea from the Russian Arctic along the coast of Northern Norway were insignificant before 2002. In 2006, however, a total of 10 million tons of Russian export oil and oil products were shipped from Russia, on ships that sailed along the coast of Norway. The annual oil exports from the Russian Arctic regions via this Northern route may reach a total of about 50-80 million tons in the next decade. About 50 million tons of crude oil and oil products are estimated to be delivered by railway to the Murmansk ports in the Barents Sea, and to Kandalaksha and Arkhangelsk in the White Sea. Furthermore, up to 20 million tons of oil will be produced in the northern oil fields in the Nenets Autonomous Region and in the Pechora Sea. The terminals in the Kara Sea, can load 2-3 million tons of crude a year. The Barents Sea is one of the most productive oceans worldwide. Few other places on our planet give home to the same amount of breeding seabirds. Here, more than 20 million seabirds from 40 species breed in 1.600 colonies every year. Many of the seabird populations are of mixed Russian-Norwegian origin. In case of an oil spill, the actual amount of oil spilled is not necessarily decisive for the effects on sea bird colonies. The Stylis had a relatively small spill " but 45.000 seabirds were killed. The estimated mortality of the accident was, however, 200.000-300.000 birds. The Amoco Cadiz spilled 223.000 tons of crude oil, but killed 5.000 seabirds. Methods for evaluation of effects on and treatment of birds that have been involved in an oil spill do exist. After the Prestige accident outside Spain, 23.428 seabirds were collected. 5.776 survived. About 1.000 seabirds were released back to nature at a cost of approximately NOK 23.000 (USD 4.100 or EUR 3.000) per bird. The increased development of offshore petroleum fields and increasing sea transport of hydrocarbon products are bound to have a negative effect on the environment. Oil and gas industry developments in the Barents Sea, fisheries, pollution and climate change are the most important treats to the environment in our time. When carrying out impact assessments of activities connected to petroleum activities in this area, one of these factors cannot be evaluated separately, without taking all the other risks into account.
Forfattere
Marit Almvik Gunnhild Riise Randi Bolli Agnethe Christiansen Sven Roar Odenmarck Trond Børresen Cathrine Waage TveitSammendrag
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