Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Robert Jankowiak Halvor Solheim Piotr Bilański Filip KawaSammendrag
The order Ophiostomatales includes many species important for forestry, causing plant diseases. They are common associates of bark- and wood-dwelling beetles. Two new ophiostomatalean fungi viz. Ophiostoma babimostense sp. nov. and Sporothrix europaea sp. nov. are proposed, based on morphological characters and multigene phylogenies. Ophiostoma babimostense belongs to the Ophiostoma ulmi species complex and was isolated from fallen shoots of Scots pine pruned by Tomicus species in Poland. The fungus is characterised by the production of a typical pesotum-like and sporothrix-like asexual morphs. Sporothrix europaea belongs to the Sporothrix gossypina complex and was isolated from hardwood-infested by ambrosia and bark beetles in Poland and Norway. It is characterised by the occurrence of both a sexual and asexual morphs, with long necked ascomata bearing ostiolar hyphae and a sporothrix-like asexual morph.
Forfattere
Martina Paponov J. Ziegler Pembi Sherpa Lama Ivan PaponovSammendrag
Medicinal plants are a vital global resource, and controlled cultivation offers a promising avenue for maximizing the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals. Growing medicinal plants in environments such as vertical farming facilities allows for the production of plants with predictable levels of biologically active compounds, crucial for the pharmaceutical industry. However, current cultivation protocols in vertical farms typically prioritize biomass production over the stimulation of secondary compound accumulation. This situation creates a dilemma: can we grow these plants in a way that both the plant size and the chemical content are optimized? This review examines two examples of external triggers that induce the accumulation of secondary compounds with minimal impact on biomass. The first, root illumination, enhances the accumulation of artemisinin in the shoot without affecting its levels in roots. The second, heterogeneous nutrient supply, does not significantly alter artemisinin accumulation in Artemisia annua leaves but does increase its exudation from roots under nutrient-deficient conditions, particularly with nitrogen and phosphorus. Conversely, localized iron deficiency specifically boosts artemisinin accumulation in the roots. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind these responses and exploring additional environmental factors that can be optimized in vertical farming systems to enhance the phytochemical yield of medicinal plants.
Forfattere
Fride Høistad ScheiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er forsket en del på reirrøving hos skogsfugl. Men hvilke rovdyr forsyner seg mest av voksen fugl? Radiomerkede storfugl på Varaldskogen kan gi oss en liten pekepinn
Sammendrag
I dag er forskningen på Varaldskogen en av de lengste pågående studiene av skog- og viltøkologi i Norge, om tre år runder vi 50. I etterkant ser vi nå at selv om skogsdriften kan være en negativ faktor, så er det faktisk predasjon på egg, kyllinger og voksne fugler som er den viktigste begrensende faktoren for antall fugl i skogen.
Sammendrag
Klimaendringer, med tidligere og varmere vårvær, er positivt for skogsfugl og ryper. Effekten på lang sikt er imidlertid usikker.
Sammendrag
Dette er en oppsummering av en studie på 200 melkeproduksjonsbruk i Midt-Norge. 185 som driver konvensjonelt og 15 som driver økologisk.
Sammendrag
The poor persistence and late flowering of red clover in northern Swedish leys presents challenges for ley longevity and floral resource availability. The inclusion of wild, native legume species with longer persistence, rhizomatous growth, and early flowering in leys could help to resolve these challenges. The nutritive value of four native legume species was evaluated when sown in mixed stands subjected to varying harvest frequencies. Across the first two years of data collection, Vicia sepium and Vicia cracca demonstrated promising nutritive value, while the poor digestibility of Lathyrus pratensis may inhibit its use as a forage for ruminant feed. This study demonstrates promising potential for wild legume species to increase ley diversity while maintaining the quality of the harvested forage.
Forfattere
Martina Paponov Pembi Sherpa Lama Jörg Ziegler Cathrine Lillo Ivan PaponovSammendrag
Efficient production of artemisinin, a valuable secondary metabolite from Artemisia annua, remains a challenge for pharmaceutical applications. This study investigated the use of ex vitro composite plants—generated by inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains 2659 and 1523—under hydroponic and aeroponic conditions to enhance artemisinin and phenolic compound accumulation. In leaves, artemisinin content increased in a cultivationspecific, strain-dependent manner: strain 2659 was effective under aeroponics (+36%), while strain 1523 enhanced accumulation under hydroponics (+32%). In roots, strain 2659 led to higher artemisinin accumulation than strain 1523 under both systems, with increases of up to 145% in hydroponics and 75% in aeroponics. Strain 1523 strongly promoted artemisinin exudation, especially in hydroponics, suggesting active regulation of artemisinin export. Aeroponic cultivation increased total phenolic content (TPC) in roots, while strain 1523 reduced TPC in leaves. Although total biomass was unaffected, A. rhizogenes altered assimilate partitioning, decreasing the shoot-to-root ratio and enhancing root metabolism. These findings demonstrate that ex vitro composite plants, combined with optimized soilless cultivation, represent a flexible tool to boost accumulation and secretion of high-value compounds in A. annua. The strain and environment-specific responses emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate bacterial strain–cultivation combinations for scalable production systems.
Forfattere
Hugh Riley Tatiana Francischinelli Rittl Isabell Eischeid Anne-Kristin Løes Trond HenriksenSammendrag
Diverse pedoclimatic zones lead to large variations in soil organic carbon (SOC). Key questions involve how much carbon the soil contains, what is its potential for more storage and whether levels are sufficient to maintain soil structure stability (SSS). We evaluate current SOC levels using ratios of clay/silt fractions to SOC, to identify potential SOC storage areas and to gauge likely SSS status. SOC retention is affected by clay and silt, which protect it from microbial activity. Hassink (1997) used the ratio of clay plus silt <20 µm (fines20) to SOC to indicate this relationship, whilst Dexter et al. (2008) used the ratio of clay to SOC. Jensen et al. (2019) found critical ratios for SSS to be ~10 for clay/SOC and ~20 for fines20/SOC, above which SSS is impaired and below which SOC is less likely to be retained. These ratios appear valid under Norwegian conditions, where greatest declines in SOC have been found in soils with high initial SOC levels and lowest declines in clay soils (Riley & Bakkegard 2008). After 28 years of a cropping system trial in eastern Norway (Riley et al. 2022), equilibrium between SOC gains and losses was at a fines20/SOC ratio of ~18, whilst in the same trial SSS declined sharply in an arable cropping system with a clay/SOC ratio >10, compared to systems with ratios of 6- 8. In western Norway, on grassland soils with generally low fines20/SOC ratios, SOC appears to be declining despite manure inputs, especially in cases with high initial SOC levels (Rittl et al. 2023). To obtain insight into the potential for SOC across Norway, data was used from a study in which SOC and soil texture was analysed on 600 fields in agricultural districts throughout the country. Results are grouped into 13 regions with relatively uniform climate and cropping within each. Greatest proportions of fields with high ratio levels were found in regions around Oslo and east of Oslofjord, with predominantly clay and silty clay loams, where 65% of fields had clay/SOC >10 and 80% had fines20/SOC >20. Proportions of fields with fines20/SOC >20 were somewhat lower west of Oslofjord (65%) and in central Norway (44%), where many soil textures are found, and in an inland region with predominantly silty soils (55%). Proportions of fields with high ratio levels were low in inland regions with loam soil, where 15-20% had clay/SOC >10 and 24% had fines20/SOC >20. All these regions are mainly arable, with some livestock, and mean SOC levels are <3,0%. In the predominantly grassland/livestock regions of southern, western and northern Norway, and in upland areas, the soils are mostly sandy and silty loams, and mean SOC levels are mostly >3,5%. In these regions, the proportion of fields with clay/SOC >10 was below 5% whilst that of fines20/SOC >20 was below 10%. Mean clay/SOC ratios were 1-3 and mean fines20/SOC ratios were 4-10. Arable land has thus greater potential for carbon storage than grassland, whilst at the same time increasing SSS and reducing erosion risk.