Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Seminatural grasslands and their species and populations are declining rapidly throughout Europe, bringing about a need for successful vegetation recreation methods. To maintain biodiversity and ecological services of seminatural grasslands, we need more nowledge on the relative performance of different recreation methods. In a replicated experiment in western Norway, we evaluated two hay transfer methods (hard or light raking of local hay), sowing of local seeds and natural regeneration for recreating seminatural grassland in a road verge. We compared treated trial plots with their respective donor plots (where hay and seeds were harvested) for three successive years by evaluating vegetation cover, species richness and species transfer rates, and vegetation dynamics analysed by Bray–Curtis compositional dissimilarity (BC) and GNMDS (Global NonMetric Multidimensional Scaling) ordination. Vegetation cover at the trial site exceeded that of donor sites in three years. Transfer rates of common species were high for seed sowing and both hay transfer procedures. Species composition in trial plots for all three treatments became significantly more similar to donor plots, but was still relatively dissimilar after three years. Natural regeneration showed a different temporal pattern and also had a higher successional rate. The species composition of the other treatments followed the same trajectory toward the donor sites as revealed by GNMDS. We found relatively small differences between the two hay transfer methods and seed sowing. Transfer of local hay therefore appears to be a successful method of establishing local species when recreating seminatural grasslands, and is generally cheaper than using commercial local seed mixtures.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Ragnhild NærstadSammendrag
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Forfattere
Gedrime Kusliene Trond Olav Pettersen Tatsiana Espevig Trygve S. Aamlid Anne A. SteensohnSammendrag
High fertilizers rates, especially of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are commonly used for turfgrass grow-in on sand-based soils. The United States Golf Association recommends preplant applications of up to 1.0 kg P and 0.5 kg N per 100 m2 followed by applications of up to 0.3 kg N/100 m2 every fifth day until plant cover is complete. Such high rates of N and P, given before roots have developed, incur a great risk for nutrient leaching. Irrigation several times per day to keep the seedbed constantly moist also contributes to this leaching potential. iSeed® is a seed coat patented by Yara International ASA and used for grass seed marketed by DLF Trifolium. The coat contains both fast-acting and slow-release fertilizers, in total 10% N and 2% P of coated seed weight. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of iSeed® on turf quality and nitrogen and phosphorus leaching during turfgrass grow-in on two sand-based rootzones. A two-factorial experiment was carried out in the field lysimeter facility at Bioforsk Øst Landvik, South East Norway (58o34"N, 8o52"E) from 22 June to 26 July 2010. The rootzone was maid up of either straight sand, SS, or Green Mix®, GM, (Høst AS, Grimstad Norway), the latter being SS amended with 20% (v/v) mature garden compost. The 2 m2 lysimeter plots were seeded with either iSeed® or uncoated seed of the same seed lot of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) ‘Berlioz 1", the sowing rate in both cases corresponding to 20 g/m2 pure seed. Use of uncoated seed was combined with preplant applications of 4 g N (as calcium ammonium nitrate, 27% N) and 0.8 g P (as superphosphate, 8% P) per m2, i.e. the same amount of total nitrogen and phosphorus as in the iSeed® coating. One treatment included additional applications of 5 g N (as calcium nitrate, 15.5% N) and 1.0 g P (as superphosphate, 8% P) on day no. 10 and 21 after sowing. The experiment was irrigated heavily, especially during the first ten days after sowing. Observations were made over the 35 day period. The results revealed significant effects of rootzone composition (SS vs. GM) and/or seed type/additional fertilizer application on turfgrass ground cover, overall impression, colour, surface traction and root development. For all these characters, the GM rootzone showed significant benefits compared with the SS rootzone; however, total nitrogen leaching was 21 % higher and total phosphorus leaching 11 times higher from the GM than from the SS rootzone. Plots seeded with iSeed® usually performed slightly better than plots seeded with uncoated seed, but the visual effects were mostly insignificant and small compared to those of additional fertilizer applications on day no 10 and 21 after sowing. Use of iSeed® reduced nitrate and total nitrogen leaching by approximately 50% during the first 10 days after sowing, but caused no significant reduction during the following 25 days; these effects probably reflect the slow-release properties of 82% of the nitrogen contained in iSeed®. Leaching of phosphorus was not affected by either seed type or additional fertilizer application. Interactions between rootzone and seed type/additional fertilizer applications were mostly not significant. We conclude that iSeed® has the potential to reduce nitrogen leaching during turfgrass establishment on sand-based rootzones. However, as iSeed® does not eliminate the need for additional fertilizer inputs about two weeks after sowing, the environmental benefit seems to be of relatively short duration when growing in perennial ryegrass on athletic fields. The advantages of iSeed® may perhaps be more significant when growing in forage or amenity grasslands over a longer period and with less fertilizer inputs.
Sammendrag
This report presents results from a field trial evaluating the effect of iSeed® coating on turf quality and nitrogen and phosphorus leaching during the grow-in of athletic fields on sand-based rootzones.
Forfattere
Arild AndersenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Bjørn Olav Rosseland Chhatra Mani Sharma Reidar Borgstrøm Marit Almvik Ole Martin EkloSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Svein SkøienSammendrag
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