Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Authors
Edgardo Cruces Ralf Rautenberger Víctor Mauricio Cubillos Eduardo Ramírez‐Kushel Yesenia Rojas‐Lillo Carlos Lara Jaime Andrés Montory Iván GómezAbstract
Species of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) are regarded as opportunistic organisms, which efficiently adjust their metabolism to the prevailing environmental conditions. In this study changes in chlorophyll‐a fluorescence‐based photoinhibition of photosynthesis, electron transport rates, photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant metabolism were investigated during a diurnal cycle of natural solar radiation in summer (for 12 h) under two treatments: photosynthetically active radiation (PAR: 400‐700 nm) and PAR+ ultraviolet (UV) radiation (280‐700 nm). In presence of PAR alone, Ulva rigida showed dynamic photoinhibition, and photosynthetic parameters and pigment concentrations decreased with the intensification of the radiation. On the other hand, under PAR+UV condition a substantial decline up to 43% was detected and an incomplete fluorescence recovery, also, P‐I curve values remained low in relation to the initial condition. The phenolic compounds increased their concentration only in UV radiation treatments without showing a correlation with the antioxidant activity. SOD and APX activities increased over 2‐fold respect at initial values during the onset of light intensity. In contrast, CAT increased its activity rapidly in response to the radiation stress to reach maxima at 10:00 h and decreasing during solar. The present study suggests that U. rigida is capability to acclimate to natural radiation stress relies on a concerted action of various physiological mechanisms that act at different times of the day and under different levels of environmental stress.
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Authors
Marianne StenrødAbstract
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Authors
Ingunn M. Vågen Ulrika Carlson-Nilsson Karolina Aloisi Søren K. Rasmussen Gert Poulsen Matti W Leino Pertti Pärssinen Ari Rajala Anna PalmeAbstract
The “Arctic peas” project Climate changes expected in the near future will result in higher temperatures and longer growing season at high latitudes. This might open up for possibilities for pea production in Arctic and northern areas, and the need for cultivars more adapted to northern conditions is likely to increase. At NordGen - a common genebank for all the Nordic countries - a large number of Nordic pea accessions are conserved, including both cultivars, landraces and breeding material. Does this material hold keys to the future? The ongoing Nordic cooperation research project «Arctic peas» aims to identify germplasm of peas well adapted either for breeding or immediate cultivation in the Arctic/Nordic regions. The project evaluates important traits in 50 selected accessions from NordGen in field trials at four contrasting Nordic locations, at latitudes ranging from 55° to 69° N (see map). Among the evaluated traits are flowering time, maturation time and yield, as well as protein content. Will the genetic material show different expressions at locations with clear distinction in daylength, temperature and climate? The project also aims to increase the knowledge and use of the Nordic pea accessions conserved at NordGen, and strengthen the collaboration between companies, organizations and researchers in the Nordic countries.
Authors
Thomas Gschwantner Iciar Alberdi András Balázs Sébastien Bauwens Susann Bender Dragan Borota Michal Bosela Olivier Bouriaud Isabel Cañellas Jānis Donis Alexandra Freudenschuß Jean-Christophe Hervé David Hladnik Jurģis Jansons László Kolozs Kari T. Korhonen Milos Kucera Gintaras Kulbokas Andrius Kuliešis Adrian Lanz Philippe Lejeune Torgny Lind Gheorghe Marin François Morneau Dóra Nagy Thomas Nord-Larsen Leónia Nunes Damjan Pantić Joana A. Paulo Tomas Pikula John Redmond Francisco Castro Rego Thomas Riedel Laurent Saint-André Vladimír Šebeň Allan Sims Mitja Skudnik György Solti Stein Michael Tomter Mark Twomey Bertil Westerlund Jürgen ZellAbstract
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Despite sophisticated mathematical models, the theory of microevolution is mostly treated as a qualitative rather than a quantitative tool. Numerical measures of selection, constraints, and evolutionary potential are often too loosely connected to theory to provide operational predictions of the response to selection. In this paper, we study the ability of a set of operational measures of evolvability and constraint to predict short‐term selection responses generated by individual‐based simulations. We focus on the effects of selective constraints under which the response in one trait is impeded by stabilizing selection on other traits. The conditional evolvability is a measure of evolutionary potential explicitly developed for this situation. We show that the conditional evolvability successfully predicts rates of evolution in an equilibrium situation, and further that these equilibria are reached with characteristic times that are inversely proportional to the fitness load generated by the constraining characters. Overall, we find that evolvabilities and conditional evolvabilities bracket responses to selection, and that they together can be used to quantify evolutionary potential on time scales where the G‐matrix remains relatively constant.
Authors
Robert Barneveld Sjoerd E.A.T.M. van der Zee Inga Greipsland Sigrun Hjalmarsdottir Kværnø Jannes StolteAbstract
Measures designed to control erosion serve two purposes: on site (reduce soil loss) and off site (reduce sediment delivery to streams and lakes). While these objectives often coincide or at least are complementary, they could result in different priority areas when spatial planning is concerned. Prioritising for soil loss reduction at the field level will single out areas with high erosion risk. When sediment flux at the catchment scale is concerned, sediment pathways need to be identified in ex ante analyses of soil conservation plans. In Norway, different subsidy schemes are in place to reduce the influx of solutes and sediments to the freshwater system. Financial support is given to agronomic measures, the most important of which is reduced autumn tillage where areas with higher erosion risk receive higher subsidies. The objectives of this study are (1) to assess the use of an index of connectivity to estimate specific sediment yields, and (2) to test whether conservation measures taken in critical source areas are more effective than those taken at where erosion risk levels are the highest. Different modelling approaches are combined to assess soil loss at catchment level from sheet and gully erosion and soil losses through the drainage system. A calibration on two parameters gave reasonable results for annual soil loss. This model calibration was then used to quantify the effectiveness of three strategies for spatial prioritisation: according to hydrological connectivity, sheet erosion risk level and estimated specific sediment yield. The latter two strategies resulted in a maximum reduction in total soil loss due to reduced autumn tillage of 10%. Both model performance and the effectiveness of the different prioritisation strategies varied between the study catchments.
Authors
Yanliang Wang Hans LambersAbstract
Background To improve plant phosphorus (P)-acquisition efficiency to secure sustainable food production, an important step is to increase the concentration of plantavailable P in the rhizosphere. Root exudation of organic anions is a key strategy in mobilizing less-available soil P. Scope This review covers how organic anions (carboxylates) mobilize soil P and research methodologies applied. It then discusses the root-release of organic anions induced by low P availability and their contribution to soil P mobilization and plant P acquisition, and highlights the impact, challenges and perspectives in this research area. Conclusions The release of organic anions is increased considerably in some plant species, but very little in others under low P availability. Rhizosphere organic anions play important roles in increasing plantavailable P, but the contribution is greatly affected by many factors. In future research, improved and ecologically meaningful root exudation sampling methods, the use of mature leaf manganese (Mn) concentration or total 14C exudation as a proxy for rhizosphere carboxylates, case-by-case field experiments, molecular mechanisms underpinning organic anion biosynthesis and efflux under low P availability warrant further attention. Finally, carbon costs and multiple root trait combinations (e.g., root hairs plus root exudation) should be considered in crop breeding programs to generate more P-efficient cultivars.