Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Sammendrag
Im Laufe der vergangenen 15 Jahre wurden in verschiedenen, vor allem europäischen Ländern große Anstrengungen unternommen, Modelle zur Vorhersage der Gebrauchsdauer von Holzbauteilen zu entwickeln. Heute steht ein System zur Verfügung, mit dem sich Exposition, Dimension, Konstruktionsdetails und die Fähigkeit des Holzes, Wasser aufzunehmen und wieder abzugeben, so miteinander in Beziehung setzen lassen, dass sich das feuchteinduzierte Befallsrisiko für Holzprodukte quantitativ abschätzen lässt. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die „Vorhersagekraft“ von Performancemodellen einerseits und unterschiedlichen Gruppen von Holzverwendern andererseits zu vergleichen. Neben Zimmerern und Tischlern wurden auch Holzwissenschaftler, Architekten und Kunden sogenannter „Heimwerkermärkte“ gebeten, die Zeitspanne zwischen Beginn der Exposition und dem ersten Auftreten pilzlicher Holzschäden für eine Reihe von Fallbeispielen mit bekannter Historie und Gebrauchsdauer abzuschätzen. Die verwendeten Modelle sagten die Gebrauchsdauern der Bauteile in den unterschiedlichen Fallbeispielen zufriedenstellend vorher, mit Ausnahme eines Spielgerätes, das aus schutzmittelbehandeltem Holz gefertigt war. Weitere materialspezifische Daten zur Resistenz und zum Feuchteverhalten sind offenbar notwendig, um die Genauigkeit des Modells zu erhöhen. In vielen Fällen lag der Mittelwert der Gebrauchsdauerabschätzung der Befragten ebenfalls recht nahe an der tatsächlich erreichten Gebrauchsdauer. Die Einzelschätzungen unterlagen hierbei jedoch einer extrem hohen Streuung. Expertengruppen, wie z. B. Holzhandwerker und Holzwissenschaftler, vermochten die Gebrauchsdauern nicht genauer vorherzusagen als die Gruppe von Laien. Die Notwendigkeit für umfassende und komplexe Vorhersageinstrumente wurde sehr deutlich, da weder Laien noch Experten sich in der Lage zeigten, ausreichend genau und statistisch verlässlich die Gebrauchsdauern von Holzbauteilen vorherzusagen.
Forfattere
Arne N. Linløkken Ruben Alexander Pettersen Else Berit Stenseth Wenche Johansen Kirsten Frydenlund Robert C. WilsonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Inge Stupak Tat Smith Nicholas Clarke Teodorita Al-Seadi Lina Beniušienė Niclas Scott Bentsen Quentin Cheung Virginia Dale Jinke van Dam Rocio Diaz-Chavez Uwe Fritsche Martyn Futter Jianbang Gan Kaija Hakala Thomas Horschig Martin Junginger Yoko Kitigawa Brian Kittler Keith Kline Charles Lalonde Søren Larsen Dagnija Lazdina Thuy P. T. Mai-Moulin Maha Mansoor Edmund Mupondwa Shyam Nair Nathaniel Newlands Liviu Nichiforel Marjo Palviainen John Stanturf Kay Schaubach Johanny Arilexis Perez Sierra Vita Tilvikiene Brian Titus Daniela Thrän Sergio Ugarte Liisa Ukonmaanaho Iveta Varnagiryte-Kabasinskiene Maria WellischSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Katharina Strobl Johannes Kollmann Leonardo H. TeixeiraSammendrag
Ecological restoration has great potential for reversing anthropogenic degradation, as it aims at the simultaneous recovery of several ecosystem functions and services. However, it can be challenging to evaluate multiple restoration targets based on a high number of indicators, and this calls for a multifunctionality approach. Multifunctionality is an integrated measure of the relative supply of multiple ecosystem functions or services. As temporal aspects are of key importance for ecosystem recovery, we analyzed multifunctionality against time since restoration. We used rewetted peatlands in a mountainous region in Central Germany as a study case. Restored peatlands are expected to become multifunctional, while their recovery is rather slow. We investigated to what extent rewetted peatlands recover, and how time since restoration controls the simultaneous development of multiple ecosystem properties. We studied restored peatlands with respect to plant diversity, water table, peat decomposition, water holding capacity, and nutrient level using a chronosequence of 0–18 yr after restoration. We analyzed the development of individual properties and of a combined index. We further compared the recovery of restored sites at different ages to an intact reference peatland and to a theoretical optimum value, defined as the mean of the eleven most desirable values observed. Eleven out of 13 peatland properties and the combined index significantly evolved with time since restoration. Nevertheless, we could not observe a consistent trend of multiple properties if aiming at highest levels of functioning, whereas there was progress with time if low or intermediate functioning is targeted. Our results show that not all functions of restored peatlands can recover to the most desirable extent within 18 yr. However, the average functionality and some individual properties achieved levels comparable to the reference site, highlighting that improvement is possible. While the integrated assessment informs about the degree of ecosystem recovery, an additional analysis of individual properties helps understanding ecosystem‐specific dynamics, which are needed for making decisions on potential future management.
Forfattere
Dario Isidro Ojeda Alayon Erik Koenen Sandra Cervantes Manuel de la Estrella Eulalia Banguera-Hinestroza Steven B. Janssens Jérémy Migliore Boris B. Demenou Anne Bruneau Félix Forest Olivier J. HardySammendrag
Detarioideae is well known for its high diversity of floral traits, including flower symmetry, number of organs, and petal size and morphology. This diversity has been characterized and studied at higher taxonomic levels, but limited analyses have been performed among closely related genera with contrasting floral traits due to the lack of fully resolved phylogenetic relationships. Here, we used four representative transcriptomes to develop an exome capture (target enrichment) bait for the entire subfamily and applied it to the Anthonotha clade using a complete data set (61 specimens) representing all extant floral diversity. Our phylogenetic analyses recovered congruent topologies using ML and Bayesian methods. Anthonotha was recovered as monophyletic contrary to the remaining three genera (Englerodendron, Isomacrolobium and Pseudomacrolobium), which form a monophyletic group sister to Anthonotha. We inferred a total of 35 transitions for the seven floral traits (pertaining to flower symmetry, petals, stamens and staminodes) that we analyzed, suggesting that at least 30% of the species in this group display transitions from the ancestral condition reconstructed for the Anthonotha clade. The main transitions were towards a reduction in the number of organs (petals, stamens and staminodes). Despite the high number of transitions, our analyses indicate that the seven characters are evolving independently in these lineages. Petal morphology is the most labile floral trait with a total of seven independent transitions in number and seven independent transitions to modification in petal types. The diverse petal morphology along the dorsoventral axis of symmetry within the flower is not associated with differences at the micromorphology of petal surface, suggesting that in this group all petals within the flower might possess the same petal identity at the molecular level. Our results provide a solid evolutionary framework for further detailed analyses of the molecular basis of petal identity.
Forfattere
Zhichao Chen Yuxin Miao Junjun Lu Lan Zhou Yue Li Hongyan Zhang Weidong Lou Zheng Zhang Krzysztof Kusnierek Changhua LiuSammendrag
Improving nitrogen (N) management of small-scale farming systems in developing countries is crucially important for food security and sustainable development of world agriculture, but it is also very challenging. The N Nutrition Index (NNI) is a reliable indicator for crop N status, and there is an urgent need to develop an effective method to non-destructively estimate crop NNI in different smallholder farmer fields to guide in-season N management. The eBee fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing system, a ready-to-deploy aircraft with a Parrot Sequoia+ multispectral camera onboard, has been used for applications in precision agriculture. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the potential of using fixed-wing UAV-based multispectral remote sensing for non-destructive estimation of winter wheat NNI in different smallholder farmer fields across the study village in the North China Plain (NCP) and (ii) develop a practical strategy for village-scale winter wheat N status diagnosis in small scale farming systems. Four plot experiments were conducted within farmer fields in 2016 and 2017 in a village of Laoling County, Shandong Province in the NCP for evaluation of a published critical N dilution curve and for serving as reference plots. UAV remote sensing images were collected from all the fields across the village in 2017 and 2018. About 150 plant samples were collected from farmer fields and plot experiments each year for ground truthing. Two indirect and two direct approaches were evaluated for estimating NNI using vegetation indices (VIs). To facilitate practical applications, the performance of three commonly used normalized difference VIs were compared with the top performing VIs selected from 59 tested indices. The most practical and stable method was using VIs to calculate N sufficiency index (NSI) and then to estimate NNI non-destructively (R2 = 0.53–0.56). Using NSI thresholds to diagnose N status directly was quite stable, with a 57–59% diagnostic accuracy rate. This strategy is practical and least affected by the choice of VIs across fields, varieties, and years. This study demonstrates that fixed-wing UAV–based remote sensing is a promising technology for in-season diagnosis of winter wheat N status in smallholder farmer fields at village scale. The considerable variability in local soil conditions and crop management practices influenced the overall accuracy of N diagnosis, so more studies are needed to further validate and optimize the reported strategy and consecutively develop practical UAV remote sensing–based in-season N recommendation methods.
Forfattere
Håvard Johansen LindgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det fins ikke enkle løsninger for å unngå høymole. Flere tiltak samtidig, over flere år, må til for å kontrollere de livskraftige ugrasplantene. Ulike tiltak er prøvd ut i forsøk forskjellige steder i landet.
Forfattere
Ljiljana Keca M. Marceta Gregor Bozic Sanja Peric Ivaylo Tsvetkov Kjell Andreassen A. Stijovic D. Mandzukovski Brane Zlokapa Valeriu Norocel NicolescuSammendrag
The prospects and challenges for non-native tree species (NNTS) in Southeast Europe (SEE) were analyzed using a combination of SWOT Analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Preference data from three groups of opinion leaders with extensive knowledge of the silviculture, ecology and impact of climate change on NNTS in SEE (researchers, practitioners and decision-makers) were used. Results revealed that strengths and opportunities for all three analyzed elements outweigh their weaknesses and threats. In the review of silviculture, key strengths and opportunities were identified as high p roductivity, adaptation to afforestation of degraded lands, gap filling in forest ecosystems after the loss of native tree species, and higher volume growth of NNTS compared to native tree species. Strength-Opportunity (SO) elements related to climate change were found to be adaptive management responsiveness to climate change and increased length of growing period, possibility of better-adapted mixtures with NNTS under climate change, and replacement of tree species that are sensitive to pests and outbreaks resulting from climate change. These results provide important insights into different segments of strategy approach of sustainable management of NNTS in relation to management, silviculture and climate change practices in SEE.
Forfattere
Md Zia Uddin Weria Khaksar Jim TørresenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag