Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Sammendrag
Forskningsstasjonen Nibio Landvik, har fått et helt spesielt oppdrag. De skal redde en sjelden type orkidé fra utryddelse. Den finnes kun i Grimstad og i Lillesand i Norge nå.
Sammendrag
Plants in raingardens are important for evapotranspiration and maintaining infiltration properties. Hydrological conditions, however, fluctuate between dry and saturated, strongly affecting plant performance and limiting plant selection in design. This study experimentally assessed whether fluctuating hydrology impacts growth, flowering, and root morphology in the drought-tolerant Knautia arvensis and the wet-tolerant Lythrum salicaria. The hydrological regimes included repeated cycles of dry and wet conditions: Drought regime with cycles of a drought period followed by a single watering; Flooding regime with cycles of 72-hour flooding and a 48-hour drained period; and a subsequent Drought+Flooding regime with cycles of 72-hour flooding followed by a drought period. Knautia reduced growth under flooding cycles, while Lythrum reduced growth and flowering under drought cycles. Repeated consecutive drought and flooding cycles negatively influenced the growth of both species in the same way, with flooding affecting Knautia and drought affecting Lythrum. Lythrum showed more plasticity than Knautia, allocating more biomass to roots during drought cycles. Flooding cycles reduced root length in Knautia, while the drought cycles and consecutive Drought+Flooding cycles increased root diameter and decreased root length in Lythrum. Both species had coarse roots (> 2 mm) to support infiltration through biopores. If we assume that raingardens have free drainage and only rarely flood, drought-tolerant traits are more important. However, wet-tolerant species can benefit the system, especially through higher water use. This research contributes to the ecological understanding of plant responses to fluctuating hydrology, enabling a better plant selection for effective raingardens.
Forfattere
Hans‐Peter Schmidt Samuel Abiven Annette Cowie Bruno Glaser Stephen Joseph Claudia Kammann Johannes Lehmann Jens Leifeld Genxing Pan Daniel Rasse Cornelia Rumpel Dominic Woolf Andrew R. Zimmerman Nikolas HagemannSammendrag
ABSTRACT The application of biochar to soil is a highly durable nature‐based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) pathway. It provides certifiable climate‐change mitigation, with mean carbon residence times exceeding 1,000 years, and additional co‐benefits for soil health and fertility. Biochar persistence in soil depends on both intrinsic material properties and environmental factors. Its longevity is determined not only by the polyaromatic structure of the biochar itself but also by soil mineralogy, biological activity, and climatic conditions. Biochar aging involves both decomposition and stabilization processes. The complementary mechanisms of decomposition and stabilization include interactions of biochar with minerals and native organic matter, as well as aggregations with soil particles that maintain its long‐term persistence. Biochars and inertinite‐ranked fossil coals cannot be equated. Inertinite has been protected from biotic and abiotic oxidation for millions of years through burial in sediments and inclusion in minerals under high pressure and temperature. Biochar produced today in modern pyrolysis facilities is a fundamentally different material. No carbonaceous material is completely inert. Field and laboratory studies consistently show measurable, though small, mineralization across a wide range of biochar types. Declaring that soil‐applied biochar carbon persists at 100% over millennia is inconsistent with current scientific understanding. Analytical proxies indicate relative, but not absolute, biochar persistence. Policy definitions of biochar CDR should reflect climate‐relevant timescales. The degree of persistence should be estimated on the order of centuries rather than millennia, supported by registered material properties, traceable application data, conservative modeling, and continued long‐term field experiments for model validation.
Forfattere
Ingrid Vesterdal Tjessem Peter Horvath Inger Kristine Følling Volden Adam Eindride Naas Michal Torma Anders BrynSammendrag
Background The global climate is warming, especially in northern regions due to high-latitude amplification. This high-latitude warming leads to range expansion with advancing tree- and forest-lines (TFLs) in the Northern Hemisphere. However, empirical studies can rarely provide a well-documented elevational expansion rate, especially for timescales longer than 40–50 years. This study provides a unique long-term dataset on TFL dynamics of Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii in Norway, based on a combination of resampled historical data (n = 319) and new field registrations (n = 447). Our dataset includes a total of 766 registrations from five counties in Norway. In total, the dataset contains 439 treelines and 327 forest lines, most likely representing the highest recorded TFLs for the region at the given time. For all data, both resampled and new, locality, coordinates, elevation, aspect and spatial uncertainty and the resampling/sampling methods and definitions are provided. The entire material is stored and available for download through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) portal. New information This dataset includes newly-resampled TFLs, based on 57–127-year-old registrations. The entries provide elevational changes, georeferenced localities and potential sites for monitoring climate change effects. The entries enable regional analyses of TFL dynamics on intermediate timescales, including the effect of time lags. The material is available for modelling TFL range shifts along the boreal-alpine ecotone. This dataset most likely provides the highest registered Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii locations within their specific regions, thus representing the contemporary ecophysiological range limits for the life-form tree. Additional high-elevation TFL sites and localities have been added to make the material suitable for future remapping and monitoring of climatic TFL dynamics.
Forfattere
Pia Heltoft ThomsenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anders Bryn Katrine Marie Brynildsrud Amanda A. Folland Lars Østby Hemsing Peter Horvath Torbjørn Høitomt Ida Marielle Mienna Adam Eindride Naas Christine Olson Trond Simensen Bendik Sivertsen Hilde Tandstad Ingrid Vesterdal Tjessem Espen S VærlandSammendrag
I debatten om naturmangfold og naturforvaltning i Norge, er en tilbakevendende utfordring forståelsen av ulike feltbaserte temakart. I dette essayet beskrives grunnleggende likheter og forskjeller mellom to sentrale feltbaserte temakart over naturmangfold: artskart og naturtypekart. Disse kartene representerer ulike nivåer i hierarkiet over naturmangfold og har supplerende funksjoner i forvaltningen.
Sammendrag
A field experiment was conducted in 2022–2023 and repeated in 2023–2024, estimating plant coverages using digital processing of autumn and spring aerial images to determine fertilizer rates. Three fixed and two variable manure and mineral N rates were applied in early spring and after the first cut. Dry matter yield (DMY) and agronomic efficiency (AE) were evaluated over two seasons. A low or variable N rate based on spring coverage led to DMY and AE comparable to high N rates. Autumn coverage in the second season improved slurry application decisions, offering a valuable tool for grassland management.
Forfattere
Theresa Weigl Jorunn Børve Emily Follett Melissa Magerøy Hanne Larsen Carl Gunnar Fossdal Siv Fagertun RembergSammendrag
The effect of harvest timing on postharvest ripening was investigated by changes in ethylene production, expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes MdACS1, MdACS6, (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase 1 and 6) and the ACS degradation promoting gene MdETO1 (Ethylene overproducer 1). Apple fruit of two cultivars, ‘Red Aroma’ and ‘Rubinstep’, were harvested at three time points, early, middle, and late, at two-week intervals. Fruit were either treated with 1 ppm 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) or remained untreated, and stored at 4 °C in regular atmosphere. Late harvested, untreated apples reached peak ethylene production after the shortest time in cold storage ('Red Aroma' in week five, 'Rubinstep' in weeks nine and ten), while early harvested, untreated fruit reached their peak after a longer time ('Red Aroma' in week eight, 'Rubinstep' in weeks 13 and 14). Early harvested fruit experienced greater firmness loss and a higher increase in SCC/TA ratio during cold storage. Senescence in late harvested, untreated fruit was evident from low ethylene production after simulated shelf-life and increased physiological disorders in ‘Rubinstep’. In 1-MCP-treated fruit, ethylene production increased toward the end of storage, particularly in early harvested fruit, indicating a decline in 1-MCP efficacy over time. Gene expression analysis showed strong induction of MdACS1 during climacteric ripening. MdETO1 positively correlated with MdACS1 gene expression, suggesting positive co-regulation. The expression of MdACS6 was negatively correlated with simulated shelf-life and with 1-MCP treatment, suggesting regulation by temperature and metabolic state. Overall, harvest timing and 1-MCP strongly influenced the changes in fruit physiology during postharvest storage.
Sammendrag
Debatten blir ikke opplysende hvis vi omgir oss med tall og prosenter som er misvisende eller i verste fall direkte feil.
Forfattere
Ken Olaf StoraunetSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag