Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Sammendrag
Cambisol er selvdrenert jordsmonn med utviklet jordstruktur. Arealer med Cambisol er stort sett lettdrevne jordbruksarealer.
Forfattere
Robert Spitzer Monica Ericson Annika M. Felton Morten Heim David Raubenheimer Erling Johan Solberg Hilde Karine Wam Christer Moe RolandsenSammendrag
Understanding how the nutritional properties of food resources drive foraging choices is important for the management and conservation of wildlife populations. For moose (Alces alces), recent experimental and observational studies during the winter have shown macronutrient balancing between available protein (AP) and highly metabolizable macronutrients (total non-structural carbohydrates [TNC] and lipids). Here, we combined the use of continuous-recording camera collars with plant nutrient analyses and forage availability measurements to obtain a detailed insight into the food and nutritional choices of three wild moose in Norway over a 5-day period in summer. We found that moose derived their macronutrient energy primarily from carbohydrates (74.2%), followed by protein (13.1%), and lipids (12.7%). Diets were dominated by deciduous tree browse (71%). Willows (Salix spp.) were selected for and constituted 51% of the average diet. Moose consumed 25 different food items during the study period of which 9 comprised 95% of the diet. Moose tightly regulated their intake of protein to highly metabolizable macronutrients (AP:TNC + lipids) to a ratio of 1:2.7 (0.37 ± 0.002SD). They did this by feeding on foods that most closely matched the target macronutrient ratio such as Salix spp., or by combining nutritionally imbalanced foods (complementary feeding) in a non-random manner that minimized deviations from the intake target. The observed patterns of macronutrient balancing aligned well with the findings of winter studies. Differential feeding on nutritionally balanced downy birch (Betula pubescens) leaves versus imbalanced twigs+leaves across moose individuals indicated that macronutrient balancing may occur on as fine a scale as foraging bites on a single plant species. Utilized forages generally met the suggested requirement thresholds for the minerals calcium, phosphorus, copper, molybdenum, and magnesium but tended to be low in sodium. Our findings offer new insights into the foraging behavior of a model species in ungulate nutritional ecology and contribute to informed decision-making in wildlife and forest management.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Aline Roma Tomaz Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira Rattan Lal Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado Belchior Oliveira Trigueiro da Silva William Ramos da Silva Felipe José Cury Fracetto Thiago Inagaki Maria Betânia Galvão Santos Freire Elves Obede dos Santos NunesSammendrag
Land-use change has driven soil carbon stock losses in ecosystems worldwide. Implementing agricultural crops and exploiting forest resources trigger the breakdown of soil aggregates, thus exposing organic matter to microbial decomposition and enhancing carbon dioxide emissions, especially in biomes more susceptible to climate extremes as in the tropical semiarid regions. This study was based on the hypothesis that the undisturbed soil from the dry forest (Caatinga biome under natural revegetation in Brazilian semiarid) would have an improvement in the mass of macroaggregates and recover more than 50% of the soil C stock within 10 years. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to investigate soils from the Caatinga biome under native vegetation, “cowpea cropping” for over 30 years, and soil under natural revegetation for over 10 years, after conventional soil cultivation of maize and cowpea, to determine soil and soil-aggregates carbon stocks and to estimate the recovery rate of these stocks. The proportional mass of aggregates of different sizes and the total stock of particulate organic carbon (POC) were also quantified. The results showed that soil under preserved native vegetation of dry forest Caatinga biome had higher total soil C stock (50.9 Mg ha−1) than that under cowpea cropping (23.2 Mg ha−1) and natural revegetation (45.1 Mg ha−1). The proportional mass of large macroaggregates was higher in soil under native vegetation for all depths. However, soil under cowpea cropping had lower C stocks in macroaggregates, and recovered roughly 63% of the original C stocks, while revegetation recovered 78% of the stock in 10 years. Although the conventional management system for cowpea monoculture aggravated losses in soil carbon stock by more than 50% of the original C stocks, dry forest under natural revegetation recovered 79% of this stock and almost 100% of POC stock in 10 years (~12 Mg ha−1). Furthermore, soil under undisturbed Caatinga dry forest achieved C stock levels equivalent to that of the global average range for semiarid tropical environments. The high recovery rate of C stock in forest soil under natural revegetation indicates the resilience potential of organisms responsible for structural protection of aggregates and the encapsulated soil organic matter content.
Forfattere
Ngan Bao Huynh Paal Krokene Jorunn Elisabeth Olsen Taina Pennanen Adriana Puentes Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė Vytautas Čėsna Ieva Čėsnienė Melissa MagerøySammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Junbin Zhao Mikhail Mastepanov Carla Stadler Cornelya Klutsch Erling Fjelldal David Kniha Runar KjærSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Thomas Georges A Bawin Grzegorz Konert Corine Alexis Faehn Markku Juhani Keinänen Kirsten Krause Inger Martinussen Laura Elina Jaakola Katja Hannele KarppinenSammendrag
The Climate Laboratory in Tromsø offers excellent facilities for controlled growth experiments. In an attempt to provide for future needs to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant growth and plant traits at the laboratory scale, UiT and NIBIO have jointly implemented state-of-the-art monitoring and imaging systems as part of the strategic project ABSORB (https://site.uit.no/absorb/). Here, we present a 3D multi- and 2D hyper-spectral imaging platform, augmented with thermal analysis capabilities, tailored for plant phenotyping in both research and teaching contexts. The 3D imaging component of the PlantEye F600 laser scanner provides effortless and accurate non-invasive assessments of plant architecture and growth dynamics. Three complementary 2D hyperspectral cameras deliver more detailed spectral information across a 400-1700 nm range of wavelengths, supporting in-depth analysis of biochemical composition and stress responses at the macro- and micro-scales. We showcase the platform's versatility through two compelling experiments investigating drought-stress and light-inhibition, respectively. In the drought-stress experiment, we observed plant responses to water scarcity, tracking physiological changes and morphological adaptations with our integrated imaging system. In the light-inhibition experiment, we further explored the impact of light intensity on plant growth and development. We envision collaborative efforts to address the current challenges in plant biology, agriculture, and environmental science.
Forfattere
Mingkai Jiang Belinda E. Medlyn David Wårlind Jürgen Knauer Katrin Fleischer Daniel S. Goll Stefan Olin Xiaojuan Yang Lin Yu Sönke Zaehle Haicheng Zhang He Lv Kristine Y. Crous Yolima Carrillo Catriona Macdonald Ian Anderson Matthias M. Boer Mark Farrell Andrew Gherlenda Laura Castañeda-Gómez Shun Hasegawa Klaus Jarosch Paul Milham Raúl Ochoa-Hueso Varsha Pathare Johanna Pihlblad Juan Piñeiro Nevado Jeff Powell Sally A. Power Peter Reich Markus Riegler David S. Ellsworth Benjamin SmithSammendrag
The importance of phosphorus (P) in regulating ecosystem responses to climate change has fostered P-cycle implementation in land surface models, but their CO2 effects predictions have not been evaluated against measurements. Here, we perform a data-driven model evaluation where simulations of eight widely used P-enabled models were confronted with observations from a long-term free-air CO2 enrichment experiment in a mature, P-limited Eucalyptus forest. We show that most models predicted the correct sign and magnitude of the CO2 effect on ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration, but they generally overestimated the effects on plant C uptake and growth. We identify leaf-to-canopy scaling of photosynthesis, plant tissue stoichiometry, plant belowground C allocation, and the subsequent consequences for plant-microbial interaction as key areas in which models of ecosystem C-P interaction can be improved. Together, this data-model intercomparison reveals data-driven insights into the performance and functionality of P-enabled models and adds to the existing evidence that the global CO2-driven carbon sink is overestimated by models.
Forfattere
Nhat Strøm-AndersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
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