Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Trond MæhlumSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Supplemental feeding of cervids during winter is a widespread management practice, but feeding may increase the risk of disease transmission. Therefore, legal regulations to limit supplemental feeding are often implemented when dealing with severe infectious diseases, such as chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids. However, it is currently unclear whether these regulations result in decreased spatial clustering and aggregation as intended. Supplemental feeding is expected to restrict the movement of cervids. Therefore, a ban on feeding may also result in wider space use and a risk of geographic spread of disease. The space use of 63 GPS-marked red deer (Cervus elaphus) was investigated before (n = 34) and after (n = 29) the implementation of a legal regulation aimed at limiting the supplemental feeding of cervids during winter in a CWD-affected region of Nordfjella, Norway. Snow depth was the main determinant of the space use for red deer. A moderate reduction in the number of GPS positions in spatial clusters was evident during periods of deep snow once the ban was in place. Sizes of core areas (Kernel 50%), home ranges (Kernel 95%), and dispersion (MCP 100%, number of 1 km2 pixels visited per deer) declined from January to March and with increasing snow depth. Dispersion (number of 1 km2 pixels visited per deer) did not depend on snow depth after the ban, and red deer used larger areas when snow depth was high after the ban compared to before. The ban on supplementary feeding had no effect on size of core areas or home ranges. Several potential factors can explain the overall weak effect of the ban on space use, including the use of agricultural fields by red deer, other anthropogenic feeding, and landscape topography. This study highlights that snow depth is the main factor determining space use during winter, and it remains to be determined whether the moderate reduction in spatial clustering during deep snow after the ban was sufficient to lower the risk of disease transmission.
Forfattere
Belachew Asalf TadesseSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Joel Abbey Sherin Jose David Percival Laura Jaakola Samuel K. AsieduSammendrag
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Forfattere
Fredrik Rustøen Klaus Høiland Einar Heegaard Lynne Boddy Alan C. Gange Håvard Kauserud Carrie Joy AndrewSammendrag
Wood decomposing fungi differ in their substrate affinities, but to what extent factors like wood properties influence host specialization, compared to climate, is largely unknown. In this study, we analysed British field observations of 61 common wood decay species associated with 41 tree and shrub genera. While white rot fungi ranged from low-to high-substrate affinity, brown rot fungi were exclusively mid-to high-affinity. White rot fungi associated with dead fallen wood demonstrated the least substrate affinity. The composition of wood decomposer fungi was mostly structured by substrate properties, sorted between angiosperms and conifers. Any relationships with temporal and regional climate variability were of far less significance, but did predict community-based and substrate-usage host shifts, especially for fungi on fallen deadwood. Our results demonstrate that substrate shifts by wood-decay fungi will depend primarily upon their degree of affinity to, and the distribution of, related woody genera, followed less at regional levels by climate impacts.
Sammendrag
Quantifying the similarities and differences in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition between different ecosystems is important to develop effective measures to reduce air pollution and maintain biodiversity. Here we show that the constitution of N deposition differed significantly between a grassland and a desert ecosystem in Northwestern China. Flux of bulk (wet plus part of dry deposition) and dry (gaseous NH3 and NO2) deposition were continuously monitored from 2018 to 2020. The grassland and desert sites had similar amount of total N deposition, being 7.29 and 6.33 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. However, N deposition at the grassland was dominated by the bulk deposition (4.44 kg N ha−1 yr−1, 61% of the total N deposition), whereas that at the desert was dominated by dry deposition (4.20 kg N ha−1 yr−1, 66% of total deposition). The desert had greater ambient concentrations of NH3 (3.66 μg N m−3) and NO2 (1.52 μg N m−3) than the grassland (2.73 μg NH3–N m−3 and 0.72 μg NO2–N m−3). The amount of reduced N deposition (NH4+ and NH3) was around 3 times of that of oxidized N deposition (NO3− and NO2) in both ecosystems. The N deposition rates in both ecosystems have exceeded the critical load for the fragile ecosystems (5–10 kg N ha−1 yr−1), highlighting the importance of reducing N emission sources that are related with anthropogenic disturbance.
Forfattere
Nicolas Valette Arnaud Legout Barry Goodell Gry Alfredsen Lucas Auer Eric Gelhaye Delphine DerrienSammendrag
In forest ecosystems, fungi are the key actors in wood decay. They have the capability to degrade lignified substrates and the woody biomass of coniferous forests, with brown rot fungi being common colonizers. Brown rots are typically involved in the earliest phase of lignocellulose breakdown, which therefore influences colonization by other microorganisms. However, few studies have focused on the impact of introducing decayed wood into forest environments to gauge successional colonization by natural bacterial and fungal communities following partial decay. This study aimed to address this issue by investigating the bacterial and fungal colonization of Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood, after intermediate and advanced laboratory-based, pre-decay, by the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. Using Illumina metabarcoding, the in situ colonization of the wood blocks was monitored 70 days after the blocks were placed on the forest floor and covered with litter. We observed significant changes in the bacterial and fungal communities associated with the pre-decayed stage. Further, the wood substrate condition acted as a gatekeeper by reducing richness for both microbial communities and diversity of fungal communities. Our data also suggest that the growth of some fungal and bacterial species was driven by similar environmental conditions.