Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Belachew Gizachew ZelekeSammendrag
Tropical forests, despite their critical environmental and socio-economic roles, remain highly vulnerable to deforestation, forest degradation, and climate-related disturbances. There is a growing demand for robust and transparent forest monitoring systems, particularly under REDD+, the Paris Agreement’s Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF), and emerging climate-finance mechanisms. Conventional approaches based on field inventories and traditional remote sensing are often constrained by limited or uneven field data, persistent cloud cover, complex forest conditions, and limited institutional and technical capacity. This review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are being integrated into remote sensing–based tropical forest monitoring to address these structural constraints. Using a semi-systematic synthesis of peer-reviewed studies, complemented by operational platforms and grey literature, the review assesses AI/ML approaches, remote sensing datasets, and applications relevant to national and large-scale monitoring. Evidence is synthesized across five analytical dimensions: AI/ML model families and workflows, multi-sensor datasets and training resources, operational monitoring platforms, application domains (including deforestation, degradation, and biomass/carbon estimation), and cross-cutting technical, institutional, and governance barriers. The review finds that AI/ML-enabled remote sensing, particularly those combining optical, radar, and LiDAR time series within cloud-based platforms, has substantially improved the automation, scalability, and speed of tropical forest monitoring. However, effective and equitable adoption remains constrained by limitations in training and validation data, dependence on proprietary platforms and data, uneven technical capacity, and unresolved governance and ethical challenges. Emerging solutions, including open and representative training datasets, platform-agnostic processing infrastructures, long-term capacity building, and inclusive data-governance frameworks, are identified as critical enablers of credible and nationally owned AI/ML-enabled forest-monitoring systems. The review highlights that AI/ML can play a transformative role in supporting climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and informed decision-making. This potential, however, depends on transparent data governance arrangements, long-term capacity building, and platform-agnostic infrastructures that support national ownership.
Redaktører
Siv Karin Paulsen RyeSammendrag
Driftsgranskingane er eit forvaltningsoppdrag som NIBIO utfører for Landbruks- og matdepartementet. Den årlege undersøkinga viser status og utvikling for økonomien i landbruket og får fram verknadene av politikk og rammevilkår. Ho er såleis eit viktig verktøy for forvaltninga. Analysar av granskingsmaterialet gir dessutan grunnlag for rådgiving, forsking og undervisning.
Sammendrag
I denne rapporten vert resultat frå oppdaterte verdiskapingsberekningar for landbruk og landbruksbasert industri i Møre og Romsdal basert på tal frå 2024 presenterte. Bruttoprodukt frå jordbruk, skogbruk og landbruksbasert tilleggsnæring er berekna til 2,1 mrd. kr, medan den landbruksbaserte industrien bidreg med 1,1 mrd. kr. Totalt utgjer bruttoproduktet frå landbruk og landbruksbasert industri 2 prosent av den totale verdiskapinga i Møre og Romsdal i 2024.
Forfattere
Magnhild Garte HøibergSammendrag
Tilgjengelig litteratur om beiteoverlapp mellom rein og sau er innhentet og sammenstilt i denne rapporten. Undersøkelsene viser at det er beiteoverlapp mellom rein og sau, men det er stor variasjon i beregnede nisjeoverlappsindekser. Samlet sett kan studiene tyde på moderat til høy beiteoverlapp, men det er mange ulike variabler som spiller inn i undersøkelsene som er gjort. Resultatene tyder på at rein og sau beiter flere av de samme vegetasjonstypene og plantene, men at beitearealene benyttes til ulik tid når det er rom for det. Et begrenset antall studier på beiteoverlapp gir usikkerhet, og flere undersøkelser vil gi mer kunnskap om overlappende valg av beite mellom rein og sau.
Forfattere
Karen Ane Frøyland Skjennum Jan Mulder Gijsbert Dirk Breedveld Thomas Hartnik Nicolas Estoppey Erlend Grenager SørmoSammendrag
The present study investigates the long-term immobilization efficiency of biochar on target per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and precursors in well-drained soils contaminated by aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) (Ʃ27PFAS = 1624 ± 276 µg/kg) over 2 years. The total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay revealed a large precursor reservoir in the soil. Fifteen outdoor field-scale columns were packed with contaminated soil (48 kg) without (control columns, triplicates) and with biochar amendments: Three sewage sludge-based biochars were homogeneously mixed into the soil at a 1% (w/w) dose in triplicate columns. One of the biochars was additionally applied as a barrier at the column base (1% w/w) in a separate set of columns. The best-performing biochar immobilized long-chain PFAS by 91.0 ± 35.0% and short-chain PFAS by 96.7 ± 32.9%, possibly due to a well-developed porosity. Compared to the control columns, the fluctuating PFAS leaching were negligible in columns amended with the best-performing biochar, but the immobilization efficiency of short-chain PFAS decreased after one year (from 97.8% to 74.2%). Applying biochar as a barrier was two times more effective than homogenous mixing, and the effect was most pronounced for long-chain PFAS. Our findings suggest that biochar may immobilize precursors, notably CF3-CF5 precursors, to the same extent or better than their typical target perfluoroalkyl acids transformation products. More research is, however, needed to confirm these trends. Going beyond simple lab experiments, this study suggests that biochar is a promising solution for PFAS remediation and brings the technology closer to field application.
Forfattere
Ulrika Jansson Asplund Damian Petkovic Karlsen Anne Krag Brysting Rune Halvorsen Håvard Kauserud O. Janne Kjønaas Johan AsplundSammendrag
After five centuries of selective cutting in the boreal Fennoscandian forest there was a shift to stand replacing harvest (clear-cutting) in the 1940s. This shift altered light conditions experienced by the forest understory profoundly, from semi-open conditions to light regimes altering between very open in the recently clear-cut forest to very dense some decades later. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of clear-cutting on vascular plants and bryophytes. Our study system consists of twelve pairs of mesic spruce forests in Southeastern Norway, with a previously clear-cut, but now mature stand and a near-natural forest within each pair. Vascular plant cover was almost twice as high in the near-natural than in the mature, previously clear-cut forest sites, despite similar standing volume and light availability. Overall, previous clear-cutting did not have long-term effects on species richness, but vascular plant species richness was more responsive to soil Ca, a key driver of plant community composition, in the near natural forests. Likewise, the community composition showed a stronger association with soil chemistry in near-natural forests, suggesting that management alters natural drivers of understory communities. The long-lasting effects of clear-cutting was distinct for understory cover and mainly driven by common species such as the keystone species Vaccinium myrtillus, which was substantially less abundant in previously clear-cut stands.
Forfattere
Ming Yu Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas Yamina Micaela Rosas Teresa Gómez de la Bárcena Inger Kappel Schmidt Per Gundersen Ludovica D'Imperio Carsten W. Mueller Lars VesterdalSammendrag
Afforestation of agricultural land is widely promoted as a nature-based solution to enhance carbon (C) sequestration and mitigate atmospheric CO2 levels. However, the temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) after afforestation, particularly in mineral soils, remain uncertain due to the complex interaction of biogeochemical processes and their spatial variability. We investigated changes in SOC sequestration over five decades of afforestation on former cropland by extending the chronosequence approach with three repeated soil inventories in oak (Quercus robur L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands. Aboveground biomass C stocks were also quantified to evaluate the contribution of SOC to post-agricultural ecosystem C stocks. Forest floor C stocks increased rapidly in the early years and stabilized after approximately three decades, with consistently higher accumulation under Norway spruce than oak. In contrast, mineral SOC stocks in 0-25 cm depth increased with forest age by 0.18 ± 0.06 Mg ha−1 yr−1 under oak and 0.44 ± 0.07 Mg ha−1 yr−1 under Norway spruce. These contrasting trends in forest floor and mineral soil indicated a shift in C source-sink strength over time and between species. After 50 years of afforestation, total ecosystem C stocks in afforested stands reached up to 75% of those in a 200-year-old forest, with most new C stored in biomass (84-86%), followed by mineral soil (10-11%) and forest floor (4-5%). Despite higher sequestration of new C in Norway spruce stands, the relative distribution across ecosystem compartments was similar between tree species.
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