Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Forfattere
Ruth Gebauer Joshua F. CabellSammendrag
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Forfattere
Peter Martin Sigridur Dalmannsdottir Jens Ivan í Gerdinum Hilde Halland Jonatan Hermannsson Vanessa Kavanagh Katrin MacKenzie Olafur Reykdal Joanne Russell Saemundur Sveinsson Mette Thomsen John WishartSammendrag
Although grass dominates most agricultural systems in the North Atlantic region (NAR), spring barley is the most important cereal and is used for animal feed and food and drink products. Recent changes in climate have resulted in warmer conditions across the NAR which have major implications for crop production. In this paper, we investigate the thermal requirement of spring barley in the region and use the results to examine the effects of recent trends in temperature and rainfall on barley cultivation, based on 11 regional meteorological sites. At these sites, between 1975 and 2015, we found significant warming trends for several months of the cropping season and significant trends for increases in the cropping season degree days (CSDD). In recent years, this has resulted in an increased proportion of years when the estimated minimum thermal requirement for barley has been met at sites above about 60°N. However, annual variations in CSDD are large and years still occur at these sites where this is insufficient. While warming could potentially allow an earlier start and later end to the cropping season, it is likely that high rainfall at maritime sites, and low rainfall at continental sites, will limit the ability of growers to benefit from this. Warming is considered to have been one of the main factors contributing to the large expansion of the area of barley cultivated in Iceland since the 1990s.
Forfattere
Belachew Gizachew Zeleke Rasmus Astrup Pål Olav Vedeld Eliakimu M. Zahabu Lalisa A. DugumaSammendrag
REDD+, a climate change mitigation mechanism that values carbon in tropical forests, is expected to provide Africa with a range of environmental and socio-economic benefits. Drawing on a vast array of literature and personal experiences, this review analyzed particular features and challenges that REDD+ implementation has faced on the continent. The distinct contexts and major challenges regarding governance, finance and technical capacities are discussed, and mechanisms to fill these gaps are suggested. Radical land tenure reform and a perfect safeguard mechanism that transfers forest land and carbon to the communities are unlikely. REDD+ should rather look for systems that respect local institutional arrangements, and allow forest-based communities to participate in decision-making and benefit sharing, particularly benefits from emerging REDD+. Finances for REDD+ infrastructure and the results-based payment are in short supply. While negotiating for potential external sources in the short term, Africa should generate domestic financial resources and look for additional payments for ecosystem services. Africa should also negotiate for forest monitoring capacity building, while strengthening local community forest monitoring. This review contributes to an improved understanding of the contexts and challenges to consider in the capacity and policy development for REDD+ implementation.
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Specialized agricultural production between regions has led to large regional differences in soil phosphorus (P) over time. Redistribution of surplus manure P from high livestock density regions to regions with arable farming can improve agricultural P use efficiency. In this paper, the central research question was whether more efficient P use through manure P redistribution comes at a price of increased environmental impacts when compared to a reference system. Secondly, we wanted to explore the influence on impacts of regions with different characteristics. For this purpose, a life cycle assessment was performed and two regions in Norway were used as a case study. Several technology options for redistribution were examined in a set of scenarios, including solid–liquid separation, with and without anaerobic digestion of manure before separation. The most promising scenario in terms of environmental impacts was anaerobic digestion with subsequent decanter centrifuge separation of the digestate. This scenario showed that redistribution can be done with net environmental impacts being similar to or lower than the reference situation, including transport. The findings emphasize the need to use explicit regional characteristics of the donor and recipient regions to study the impacts of geographical redistribution of surplus P in organic fertilizer residues.
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Redaktører
Oddmund HjukseSammendrag
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På oppdrag frå Fylkesmannen i Hordaland ved Landbruksavdelinga, er tilskotsordningane knytt til regionalt miljøprogram (heretter; RMP) i Hordaland evaluert i perioden 2013 til 2016. RMP Hordaland fell inn under nasjonalt miljøprogram, men Fylkesmannen i Hordaland ved Landbruksavdelinga har ansvar for utforming og utvikling av RMP. I evalueringa inngår samanstilling av data frå tilskotsordninga RMP Hordaland, telefonintervju med jordbruksføretak og kommunar, samt ei spørjeunderundersøking som er knytt til korleis landbrukskontor i Hordaland oppfattar måloppnåing og effekt av tiltaka i gjeldande RMP-periode. Samanstilling av data og telefonintervju er utført av NIBIO, medan spørjeundersøkinga er utført av Fylkesmannen i Hordaland og samanstilt av NBIO. RMP Hordaland er med på å styrke miljøarbeidet i fylket og forvaltingskostnad er ikkje vurdert som særleg høge. Svar frå landbrukskontor i Hordaland viser at dei stort sett meiner tiltak som ligg inne i RMP Hordaland er gode og med satsar som stort sett er passe høge. Vi ser likevel eit behov for at å grunngje betre kva miljøinnsats ein ønsker synleggjort og kvifor ein ønsker dette synleggjort. Det er også ei vurdering at nivå på tilskotssatsar bør grunngjevast betre og i tråd med konkrete målsettingar i programperioden. Dette inneber blant anna eit fokus på å utvikle gode rutinar for dokumentasjon.
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