Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Recent studies on using soil enhancer material, such as biochar, provide varying results from a soil hydrological and chemical perspective. Therefore, research focusing on soil-biochar-plant interactions is still necessary to enhance our knowledge on complex effects of biochar on soil characteristics. The present study investigated the changes in soil water content (SWC) and soil respiration (belowground CO2 production) over time during the growth of Capsicum annuum (pepper) in pot experiments. Concurrently, we investigated the influence of grain husk biochar with the amount of 0, 0.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0% (by weight) added to silt loam soil. Pepper plants were grown under natural environmental conditions to better represent field conditions, and additional irrigation was applied. SWC among treatments showed minor changes to precipitation during the beginning of the study while plants were in the growing phase. The highest water holding throughout the experiment was observed in the case of BC5.0. CO2 production increased in biochar amended soils during the first few days of the experiments; while the overall cumulative CO2 production was the highest in control and the lowest in BC2.5 treatments. We used the HYDRUS 1D soil hydrological model to simulate changes in SWC, using the control treatment without biochar as a reference data source for model calibration. The simulated SWC dynamics fitted well the measured ones in all treatments. Therefore, the HYDRUS 1D can be an exceptionally valuable tool to predict the hydrological response of different amount of biochar addition to silt loam soil including plant growth.
Forfattere
Wendy Marie WaalenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Wendy Marie WaalenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Sjur Spildo PrestegardSammendrag
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Sammendrag
På fjället och i skogarna i Sverige och Norge betar fortfarande kor och getter med skällor som pinglar. De är inte så många som de en gång var under fäbodbrukets glansdagar, men de finns fortfarande. I de norska fjällen betar dessutom ett stort antal får. Betesdriften utgör en viktig del av vårt folkliga kulturarv. Fäbodbrukets och utmarkens djur påverkar vegetationen på skogen och fjället och skapar därmed livsmiljöer för en mängd andra organismer. Fäbodlandskapet är fullt av spår från människans äldre bruk av naturresurserna. Kulturarv i form av byggnader och fasta fornlämningar, men också i form av biologiska kulturarv. När djuren betar bort gräs och buskar så kan exempelvis olika konkurrenssvaga blommor ta plats, såsom kattfot, orkidéer och gentianor, men också olika färgglada ängssvampar. Organismer vars närvaro i landskapet utgör ett bevis för vår hävdhistoria i fäbodlandskapet. Traditionell ekologisk kunskap, platsnamn, växtanvändning och historier knutna till fäbodbruket utgör dessutom en del av vårt immateriella kulturarv. Inom fäbodbruket används fortfarande kulning, näverlur och vallhorn i vardagen...
Forfattere
Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
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Forfattere
Tor MykingSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Stig Strandli Gezelius Klaus MittenzweiSammendrag
Actors who seek to restrict scientists’ academic freedom often believe they have legitimate reasons for doing so, and this belief often relies on misunderstandings regarding the nature and rationale of freedom in science. This chapter explains principles of freedom in science, why these principles matter, and how they can be protected when interests conflict. The authors distinguish between four freedoms in science: freedom of subject, freedom of source, freedom of interpretation, and freedom of speech. These freedoms each serve their scientific purpose and are – each to their own degree – important to the legitimacy of science. The authors argue that the freedoms of interpretation and speech, especially, must be absolute in science. This chapter delves particularly into the freedom of speech, because interested parties frequently attack this freedom when they fight over knowledge presented to the public. The authors draw on their experiences from the Norwegian scientific community to exemplify how problems of academic freedom may arise and eventually be solved.