Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2004
Sammendrag
NorPhyt er et nytt nordisk samarbeidsprosjekt som skal utvikle varslingsmodeller basert på dagens populasjon av tørråtepatogenet. Eucablight er et nettverk av forskere i Europa som arbeider med sortsresistens og patogenkarakterisering. Norske forsøk gjennomført i 2001-2003 viser at både bruk av lave doser av fungicidet Shirlan rutinemessig og bruk av tørråtevarsler kan redusere fungicidforbruket i forhold til bruk av full dose Shirlan etter rutine. Potensialet for sikker bruk av reduserte doser er størst i tørråtesterke sorter. Forsøk i 2003 viser at bruk av timer med høy relativ luftfuktighet som varselkriterium og systemet "Skimmelstyring" er lovende. Oosporer (hvilesporer) til tørråtepatogenet kan overleve minst fire vintrer i norsk jord. Jord med oosporer kan dermed være en potensiell smittekilde for tørråte i lang tid.
Sammendrag
En rekke skadedyrarter kan være et problem i planteskoler, fordi det produseres mange forskjellige kulturer i veksthus og på friland, samt at det importeres og omsettes store mengder plantemateriale. I de to første artiklene (del I og II) som ble utgitt i Gartneryrket nr. 7 og 8 i 2003 beskrives ulike bekjempelsestiltak mot midd, bladlus, mellus, skjoldlus, sikader, teger og trips på prydplanter i norske planteskoler. Denne artikkelen omfatter bekjempelse av biller, minerfluer, bladveps og sommerfugler.
Sammendrag
The searching efficiency of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and the control efficiency of E. formosa and Macrolophus caliginosus Wagner (Hemiptera: Miridae) were studied on the hairy poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.ex Koltz.) cultivar `Lilo" (2030 hairs/cm2, hair length 18.0 mm) and the less hairy cultivar `Sonora" (449 hairs/cm2, hair length 11.8 mm) at 18 - 21oC, in order to evaluate their potential as biological control agents in greenhouse poinsettia production. Inexperienced (less than 24 hours old) E. formosa (EN-STRIP, Koppert B.V.) were observed individually for 7 minutes on poinsettia leaves without whiteflies, using the automatic video tracking system for behavioural studies, EthoVision Color Pro. Their walking speed, walking activity and walking pattern were not influenced by the leaf hairiness. When the temperature was lowered from 20 to 18oC, the mean walking speed decreased by 15%, from 0.52 to 0.44 mm/sec on `Lilo" and from 0.51 to 0.43 mm/sec on `Sonora". The mean walking activity was 89% on `Lilo" and 88% on `Sonora" at 20oC, and was decreased by 6 and 13%, respectively, at 18oC. Temperature did not influence the straightness of the walking path. The control efficiency of E. formosa and M. caliginosus (MIRICAL, Koppert B.V.) was studied on `Lilo" and `Sonora" infested with Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) B biotype in 2 cage experiments at 21oC, and is currently being studied at lower temperatures. E. formosa was introduced when the first whitefly nymphs had reached the 3rd instar, and was released weekly 3 times at a total rate of 4.2 parasitoids/adult whitefly. M. caliginosus was introduced when the first whitefly nymphs had reached the 1st instar, and was released every 2 weeks 3 times at a total rate of 1.5 predatory bugs/adult whitefly. One tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum `Xanthi") was placed in each of the cages where M. caliginosus was released. The control efficiency (measured as % reduction of number of immature whiteflies compared to the control when the plants were ready for sale) ranged from 63 to 93% for E. formosa and from 64 to 82% for M. caliginosus. E. formosa gave slightly better control than M. caliginosus on `Sonora", and in one of the experiments with `Lilo". The parasitoids were more efficient, and the parasitism was higher, on `Sonora" than on `Lilo". No damage to green leaves or bracts has been observed on the plants where M. caliginosus was released.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingeborg Klingen Nina Trandem Arnulfo Monzón Falguni Guharay Ragnhild Sand Eduardo HidalgoSammendrag
- Insect pathogenic fungi are important naturally occurring mortality factors of pest insects and mites. - Few studies have been made on natural occurrence of insect pathogenic fungi and the effect of management system in Central America. - One study from Norway confirms that management system (organic compared to conventional) is important to the occurrence and prevalence of insect pathogenic fungi in soil in arable fields. - Another study from Norway indicates the importance of pesticide use on the killing capacity of the mite pathogenic fungi N. floridana to T. urticae. - A master study from Nicaragua showed a higher B. bassiana infection level in L. coffeella with increasing shading. More studies are, however, needed to confirm this trend. - In a PhD project at CATIE Nicaragua, naturally occurring insect pathogenic fungi on key coffee pests and the effect of crop management practices on these fungi is under study. - An ongoing master study will reveal the occurrence of insect pathogenic fungi in soil from different coffee growing systems in Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
Forfattere
Håvard Eikemo Sonja Klemsdal Ingvild Riisberg Peter Bonants Arne Stensvand Anne-Marte TronsmoSammendrag
Analysis of 44 isolates of Phytophthora cactorum, isolated from strawberry and other hosts, by AFLP showed that the crown rot pathotype is different from leather rot isolates and from P. cactorum isolated from other hosts. 16 of 23 crown rot isolates, including isolates from Europe, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, were identical in an analysis based on 96 polymorphic bands from seven primer combinations. Leather rot isolates of strawberry could not be distinguished from isolates from other hosts. The pathogenicity test of all 44 isolates on strawberry plants mostly gave unambiguous results, except for three American isolates, which seemed to have reduced aggressiveness compared to the crown rot isolates. These isolates also differed in the AFLP analysis. Comparing information on the origin of the isolates with results from the pathogenicity test, showed that isolates from strawberry fruits or petioles could be either leather rot or crown rot pathotypes. None of the isolates from hosts other than strawberry caused crown rot symptoms in strawberry.
Sammendrag
Indusert resistens er eit fenomen der plantene sine eigne forsvarsmekanismar vert aktivert ved hjelp av middel som ikkje har direkte effekt på skadegjeraren. Fordelen med bruk av slike middel er at skadegjeraren ikkje bygger opp resistens mot det, og det har effekt mot eit breitt spekter av sjukdomsframkallande organismar. Middel som induserer resistens har vist seg å ha like god effekt mot rotstokkròte og raud marg i jordbær som det mest brukte kjemiske middelet.
Sammendrag
Thrips palmi er en karanteneskadegjører som kan gjøre stor skade i mange kulturer.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag