Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Sammendrag
Control of dock species are a true bottleneck in the development of grassland based organic forage production in Norway. Rumex obtusifolius, Rumex crispus and Rumex longifolius are among the most important perennial weeds in grassland areas throughout the world. These dock- species are undesired in grasslands because they decrease yields and reduce forage feeding value. The experiment in our study is carried out as a full-factorial design, including key-factors, which may influence dock behaviour significantly. The first factor, (i) date of grassland establishment, may be important for preventing /decreasing the flush of seedlings from seeds as well as shoots from root fragments. The purpose of the second factor, (ii) black fallow, is both false seedbed preparation and decreasing food reserves in underground plant parts. The third factor, (iii) is the use of equipment for cutting the taproot either (a) before ploughing by using a tractor propelled rotovator, or (b) cutting the dock taproot in the same operation as ploughing by using a prototype ¿two layer dockplough¿. The biological background for cutting the taproot before ploughing is that many studies have shown that new shoots only come from the 5 upper cm of the taproot. Furthermore, our hypothesis is that shoots from highly fragmented regenerative parts (the neck) of the taproot placed deep will not reach the soil surface before their reserves are depleted. Experiments were carried out at 3 and 4 locations in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Weed development were assessed as number of emerging seedlings as well as number of sprouting plants from root fragments, both in the year when the treatments were carried out and the following year. The results are yet not completely analyzed, but preliminary results indicate that plants from seeds frequently are more numerous than plants from roots. At least at some locations and years both the use of rotovator and the ¿dock plough¿, has reduced the number of plants from root fragments with approx. 50%. However, our experiments have shown that ¿dock plough¿ prototype has to be improved, especially because it did not cut the taproot near the open furrow, and did not bury the green parts well enough.
Forfattere
Lars Olav BrandsæterSammendrag
Gjennom flere år har vi utført forsøk som belyser effekten av pløyedybde om våren på ulike rotugrasarter. I en annen forsøkssøkserie fokuserer vi på tidspunkt, høst vs. vår, for jordarbeiding/brakking, også i forhold til effekten på ulike ugrasarter.
Sammendrag
Organochlorine pollutants in the major fish species (pike Esox lucius, perch Perca fluviatilis, and roach Rutilus rutilus) of Lake Arungen, Norway, were investigated after an extensive removal of large pike in 2004. The organochlorine pollutants detected in fish liver samples in 2005 were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and heptachlor epoxide (HCE). DDTs were the dominant among all analyzed OCs. Sigma PCB and HCB, detected in fish from two clearly distinct trophic levels (prey and predators), give an indication of biontagnification. All OC concentrations in female pike were significantly lower compared to males, which might be due to the removal of high concentrations of pollutants in roe during spawning. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Forfattere
Romanee Thongdara Marit Almvik Ole Martin Eklo Nina Svae Johansen Einar Nordhus Hans J. Overgaard Tubtim Limsoontorn Chomchid Imvitthaya Lal Samarakoon S.L. RanamukhaarachchiSammendrag
The Project "Demonstrating and Scaling-up Sustainable Alternatives to DDT and other Toxic Chemicals and Strengthening National Integrated Pest and Vector Management (IPVM) Capabilities in Asia" is a collaboration between the Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk) and Ministries of Health, Agriculture, and Environment in Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam in close liaison with the World Health Organisation (WHO); the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); and the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO). The Project is funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs through Bioforsk and covers an 30-month period (April 2007-September 2009). Bioforsk coordinates activities on IPVM Needs Assessments in the three project countries. The aim of the project is to lay the foundation for establishing and demonstrating an integrated, intersectoral approach for controlling agricultural pests and disease vectors (i.e. IPVM). The project outcome is to complete a funding application in interaction with national partners, WHO, UNEP, and FAO. The application will be submitted to the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and other donors to support a 5-year initiative to demonstrate and scale up sustainable alternatives to DDT, including IPVM, and to strengthen national vector control capabilities in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Target groups are farmers, women, children and consumers; national and local governments; local environmental groups, NGO"s, village associations, traders, scientists and students.The main concept of the project is that agricultural pests and vector-borne diseases often occur around the same areas. In such areas, intensive agricultural pesticide use may negatively affect vector control programs by increasing the potential for vector resistance development and reducing populations of beneficial natural enemies. This may lead to more frequent use of insecticides for vector control, and to greater use or even re-introduction of persistent, cheap POPs insecticides such as DDT. Furthermore, the project aims to develop and test integrated intersectoral approaches to control both agricultural pests and disease vectors. This report is a result of activities conducted within the framework of the project.
Forfattere
Dinh Duong Nguyen Mai Phuong Nguyen Van Anh Le Le Thu Ho Anh Tuan Tran Kim Anh Nguyen Marit Almvik Ole Martin Eklo Nina Svae Johansen Einar Nordhus Hans J. OvergaardSammendrag
Prosjektet "Demonstrating and Scaling-up Sustainable Alternatives to DDT and other Toxic Chemicals and Strengthening National Integrated Pest and Vector Management (IPVM) Capabilities in Asia" er et samarbeid mellom Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk) og Ministeriene innen Helse, jordbruk og miljø i Sri Lanka, Thailand, og Vietnam in nært samarbeid med World Health Organisation (WHO); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); og Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO).Prosjektet har vært finansiert av Det kongelig Norske Utenriksdepartement, via regionkontoret I Bangkok gjennom Bioforsk og dekker en periode på 30 måneder (April 2007-September 2009). Bioforsk har koordinert aktiviteter innen Integrert plantevern (IPM) og integrert vektorkontroll(IVM) tilsammen (IPVM-Needs Assessments) i de tre prosjektlandene Thailand, Vietnam og SriLanka.Formålet med prosjektet har vært å legge grunnlaget for å etablere og demonstrere en integrert intersektoriell tilnærming for å kontrollere skadegjørere i jordbruk og sykdom innen helse. (IPVM). Prosjektet skal ende opp med en prosjektsøknad I samarbeid med nasjonale partnere, WHO, UNEP, and FAO. Søknaden vil bli sendt til Global Environment Facility (GEF) og andre donorer for å støtte et 5 årig prosjekt initiativ for å demonstrere å skalere opp bærekraftige alternativer til DDT, inkludert IPVM for å styrke nasjonal vektorkontroll i Sørøst Asia. Målgrupper er bønder, kvinner, barn og forbrukere, nasjonale og lokale forvaltning; lokale miljøgrupper, NGO-er, forhandlere, forskere og studenter.Hovedkonseptet med prosjektet er at skadeinsekter i jordbruk og sykdomsbærende insekter (mygg som sprer malaria og dengui) ofte forekommer I de samme områdene. Slike områder med intensivt jordbruk og bruk av kjemiske plantevernmidler kan påvirke kontroll av sykdomsbærende insekter ved økt risiko for resistens samtidig som nytteorganismene avtar. Dette kan medføre mer bruk av kjemiske insektmidler for å kontrollere sykdomsbærende organismer og reintroduksjon av persistente, billige POPs insektmidler som for eksempel DDT. Videre har prosjektet som mål å utvikler tversektorielt samarbeid for å kontrollere skadeinsekter innen jordbruk og sykdomsbærende insekter.Denne rapporten er et resultat av aktiviteter gjennomført innen prosjektets rammer.
Forfattere
Anne-Marte Tronsmo Arne Tronsmo John Einset Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Jorunn Elisabeth Olsen Trond Rafoss Odd Arne RognliSammendrag
Welcome Dear participants, Welcome to Norway and to the campus of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. The organizing committee is very pleased and honoured that the meeting will be attended by close to 80 participants from 18 countries, specialized in areas ranging from molecular biology to modelling. We expect PMAC2009 to be a unique forum for an integrated perspective on plant and microbe adaptation to cold. Climate change presents a main challenge for agriculture and forestry. Scientists are asked to predict the fate of plants and microbes under new conditions. Our aim at understand the impact of climate change on plants and microbes in ?cold? environment can be approached by modelling, but no model can be better than the knowledge it is based upon. Knowledge gaps need to be filled. In this meeting, scientists in agronomy, forestry, genetics, plant physiology, plant pathology and microbiology, as well as specialists in modelling, will share new knowledge and new approaches in their respective fields, and thereby hopefully fill some of the gaps. We extend our sincere thanks to the speakers and poster holders for their positive response to our invitation to contribute at PMAC2009. And the good advices and contributions from the international committee are much appreciated. PMAC2009 could hardly have been arranged without a grant from the Norwegian Research Council. We therefore wish to express our great appreciation for this. We also wish to thank the plant breeding company Graminor for their contribution. We are looking forward to a productive and enlightening meeting during the darkest time of the year! On behalf of the local organizing committee, Anne Marte Tronsmo
Sammendrag
The most important and widespread disease on golf courses is Microdochium nivale. It is a psycrotrophic fungal plant pathogen that is the main cause of biotic winter injury in grasses in the temperate and sub-arctic climates, both with and without snow cover. It is an opportunistic pathogen, with the ability to attack plants under a wide range of environmental conditions. A large variation in both host preference and aggressiveness among isolates has been documented. It is speculated that these traits as well as competition between isolates may be dependent on temperature. The fungus is spread by infected seeds and from infected plants or debris. Besides seed transmitted inoculum, it is not clear whether the primary inoculum source is wind dispersed ascospores or soilborne/plant debris borne inoculum. Wind borne ascospores has been claimed to be the main inoculum source, but perithecia are hardly observed on grasses on Norway. The aim of the present project was obtain better understanding of what is the source of primary inoculum for snow mould caused by M. nivale; to understand how inoculum of M. nivale survives from spring to fall, and from year to year, to understand how climatic conditions affects the potential inoculum by monitoring symptoms on plants, occurrence of the fungus and growth characteristics in vitro of strains sampled from snow melt and through summer and autumn. To obtain such knowledge, surveys and sampling on selected golf courses was conducted. Snow mould symptoms and the occurrence of M. nivale in leaves and stems of grasses sampled from golf greens and foregreens was reduced during the growth season. We also found that M. nivale could be isolated from locations without visible symptoms. Despite a lower isolation rate in autumn, M. nivale was again isolated in some of the originally locations, the following spring. The M. nivale isolation rate was similar from sites located on greens compared to foregreens, and from greens located at more sunny sites compared to more shadowy located greens. We conclude that this fungus seem to survive from year to year within the same locations on greens and foregreens.
Sammendrag
One female of Atractotomus parvulus Reuter, 1878 was collected from Pinus mugo Turra at AAY Lillesand EIS 6, 16.august 2007.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Nina JohansenSammendrag
Continuous light is a promising method to reduce the problems with rose powderymildew in greenhouse rose production. The effects of such a light regime on the performance of insect pests on roses have so far not been investigated. In the present study, survival, developmental time, and reproduction during one generation of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), were characterized on roses, Rosa x hybrida cv. Passion, grown in climate chambers with long-day conditions (L20:D4) or continuous light (L24:D0) at 21 oC and fluctuating relative humidity (mean 74%, range 47–96%). Whiteflies reared under continuous light had lower immature survival and fecundity and shorter female longevity than whiteflies reared under long-day conditions, but immature developmental time was only slightly affected. Life-table analysis showed that the net reproductive rate (Ro) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) were reduced by 85 and 76%, respectively, and the time for the population to double its size (D) was 4.2 times longer under continuous light. Thismean that the whitefly population growth under continuous light was strongly reduced compared with the traditional light regime used in rose production.