Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Therese With BergeSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Chocolate spot (CS), caused by Botrytis fabae, is one of the most destructive fungaldiseases affecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) globally. This study evaluated 33 fababean cultivars across two locations and over 2 years to assess genetic resistance andthe effect of fungicide application on CS progression. The utility of unmanned aerialvehicle–mounted multispectral camera for disease monitoring was examined. Signif-icant variability was observed in cultivar susceptibility, with Bolivia exhibiting thehighest level of resistance and Louhi, Sampo, Vire, Merlin, Mistral, and GL Sunriseproving highly susceptible. Fungicide application significantly reduced CS severityand improved yield. Analysis of canopy spectral signatures revealed the near-infraredand red edge bands, along with enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and soil adjustedvegetation index, as most sensitive to CS infection, and they had a strong negativecorrelation with CS severity ranging from −0.51 to −0.71. In addition, EVI enabledearly disease detection in the field. Support vector machine accurately classified CSseverity into four classes (resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, andsusceptible) based on spectral data with higher accuracy after the onset of diseasecompared to later in the season (accuracy 0.75–0.90). This research underscores thevalue of integrating resistant germplasm, sound agronomic practices, and spectralmonitoring for effectively identification and managing CS disease in faba bean
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
2024
Forfattere
Islam, Md ShaidSammendrag
Begonias, known for their ornamental value in shade gardens, are highly susceptible to viral infections, which not only deform the plants themselves but also pose a risk of spreading to adjacent cropping plants. This susceptibility underscores the importance of understanding the viral pathogens affecting begonias, especially considering their role as hosts for aphids that can transmit these viruses to economically significant crops. In this study, an initial examination was conducted on 10 begonia specimens from university and NIBIO greenhouse, which exhibited symptoms indicative of viral infection. Through a molecular screening process involving RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and RT-PCR using virus-specific primers, a mixed infection involving Kalanchoe mosaic virus (KMV), an unidentified polerovirus, and Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV) was confirmed. To further understand the etiology and transmission patterns of these viruses, as well as their individual effects on host plants, it was essential to isolate and subsequently reinfect begonia and other test plants with each virus separately. Different inoculation methods, such as sap inoculation, grafting, and aphid transmission, were employed to evaluate their effectiveness in virus transmission. Our results demonstrated successful single virus infections of KMV and BBWV through sap and grafting inoculations. However, attempts at polerovirus transmission with all the methods were unsuccessful. Moreover, aphid transmission using the green peach aphid proved unsuccessful to transfer any virus. Interestingly, the study unexpectedly found that the greenhouse potato aphid could carry the KMV virus to previously uninfected begonias, revealing a new vector that might transmit these viruses. The study discovered that using sap inoculation, especially through the roots, is an effective way to introduce viruses into begonias. This method successfully bypasses the issues caused by the plant's thick, acidic leaf sap. Additionally, a new buffer solution was created, greatly improving the success of sap inoculation for BBWV in both begonia isolates and other samples. This research provides critical insights into the transmission dynamics and management of viral infections in begonias, contributing to the broader understanding of plant-virus interactions and the development of effective control measures.
Forfattere
Helga Iselin Wåseth Jamal Safi Tore Krok Nielsen Ulrike Bayr Nina Johansen Erling Fjeldaas Terje ChristensenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Veronica Q. T. PhanSammendrag
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) is a beneficial conifer species in Europe, especially in forestry. The increasing demand of Norway spruce has led to high production of seedlings in growth facilities. Growth conditions in these facilities contribute to fungal outbreaks, and the continuous use of fungicides to combat fungal infections will eventually develop resistance in the fungi. Applying chemical compounds directly to the seeds to prime inducible defences may be a simpler and safer method to protect the seedlings. In this study, seeds were treated with the chemicals methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and chitosan (Chi) to determine if seed priming is possible in Norway spruce. Furthermore, seeds were also treated with JAR, and a combination of JAR and MeJA or Chi, to investigate the hormone signalling pathways involved in MeJA and Chi induced defence responses. To establish the effects of these chemicals, the germination percentage and phenotypes of 4-week-old seedlings were evaluated. Additionally, 4-week-old seedlings were challenged with mechanical wounding and MeJA to determine if the seed treatments had an influence on defence responses. Gene expression levels of seven defence-related genes (CHI4, CHI2, NRPE1, ROS1, JAR1, LAR3, LOX) were quantified at two time points after challenge. In addition, chitinase enzyme activity was measured. The findings of this study indicates that the chemicals MeJA and Chi can possibly penetrate the seed coats of Norway spruce, making seed priming possible. However, this study did not include all defence responses and most genes did not reveal any priming effect, thus it was difficult to determine the signalling pathways involved in defence responses. Overall, the ontogeny of Norway spruce may play a major role in the activation of various defence mechanisms.
Forfattere
Volkmar TimmermannSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Fewer spruce trees and softer clearcut edges can prevent and mitigate future bark beetle outbreaks.
Sammendrag
Færre grantrær og mindre hogstkanter kan forebygge og dempe fremtidige barkbilleutbrudd.